Design importance

Theoretical possible heat removal per pound of air circulated in a cooling tower depends on the temperature and moisture content of air. An indication of the moisture content of the air is its wet-bulb temperature. Ideally, then, the wet-bulb temperature is the lowest theoretical temperature to which the water can be cooled. Practically, the cold-water temperature approaches but does not equal the air wet-bulb temperature in a coohng tower this is so because it is impossible to contact all the water with fresh air as the water drops through the wetted fill surface to the basin. The magnitude of approach to the wet-bulb temperature is dependent on tower design. Important factors are air-to-water contact time, amount of fill surface, and breakup of water into droplets. In actual practice, cooling towers are seldom designed for approaches closer than 2.8°C (5°F). 

Many reactions involve shear-sensitive materials, which severely limit the maximum mixing rate and make impeller and reactor design important. Mixing becomes the limiting factor. 

A large number of commercial instruments are now available and are based either on a single- or double-beam design. Important instrumental features of a modem atomic absorption instrument include the following facilities. 

Use computer methods to design important target molecules and design efficient ways to make them. 

Study Design. Important issues relating to study design are these ... 

To optimize the neural network design, important choices must be made for the selection of numerous parameters. Many of these are internal parameters that need to be tuned with the help of experimental results and experience with the specific application under study. The following discussion focuses on back-propagation design choices for the learning rate, momentum term, activation function, error function, initial weights, and termination condition. 

If one assumes that a common binding mode exists for two or more compounds, then one can use the computer to verify the geometric feasibility of the assumption. One needs to determine whether it is possible for the two molecules to present a common geometric arrangement of the designated important functional groups for recognition. There are... 

Information about new, serious side effects or contraindications, limitations on indications and decisions to withdraw the medicinal product from the market because of side effects shall be sent out separately to prescribers and pharmacists. The designation important notice shall be used only when sending out information of this kind. The reasons for such withdrawals shall be stated. 

Figure 4 illustrates the results of the simulations. First, the model can predict the flow field of the fluid, in this case a plug flow, which is optimum for heat transfer. Next, the model predicts the isotherms of the foam and water, giving the designer important visualization of the system, thereby allowing easier engineering of optimum designs. 

Library Design— Importance of the Rate-Determining Step... 

Different instrument manufacturers have developed a variety of source designs. Important design characteristics in this respect are ... 

The Consumer Protection Act 1987 schedule 3 amends and widens the scope of S.6 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 which is concerned with the general standard of care and safety owed by manufacturers, designers, importers and suppliers of articles for use at work. Such persons must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the article is so designed and constructed that it will be safe and without risk to health at all times when being set, used, cleaned or maintained by a person at work. To meet these requirements there is a duty to carry out or arrange for such testing or examination as may be necessary in the circumstances. Also... 

A general duty of care by workplace parties such as employers, employees, contractors, the self-employed, occupiers, designers, importers, manufacturers, and suppliers. 

Depending on the particular jurisdiction, duties of care iiity be imposed on principals (in respect of contractors), on occupiers, on the self-employed, and on manufacturers, designers, importers and suppliers of plant and chemicals. The legislation may include a duty of care on employers (and in some cases self-employed and employees) in relation to the health and safety of non-employees - for example, passers-by near a construction site. 

Section 6 applies to manufacturers, designers, importers and suppliers of articles and substances for use at work. In the context of articles, which... 

Under Section 6 of the HSWA (as amended by the Consumer Protection Act 1987) manufacturers, designers, importers and installers of articles and substances used at work have a duty to provide information relating to the safe use, storage, etc. of their products. Such information may include operating instructions for machinery and plant, and hazard data sheets in respect of dangerous substances. Information provided should be sufficiently comprehensive and understandable to enable a judgement to be made on their safe use at work. 

Product liability refers to a system whereby a producer (manufacturer, designer, importer, etc.) may incur both criminal and civil liability for a defective product. Criminal law expects the producer to do all that is reasonably practicable to ensure that his products are safe when used properly. It is not necessary for injury to occur. Proof of risk of such injury is sufficient. Civil liability varies according to whether the product causes injury or not. Typical situations with a potential to cause loss and/or injury to purchasers and users of products are outlined below. 

Section 6 of the Act focuses attention on the role of the producer of products used at work, and includes designers, importers and hirers-out of plant and equipment in the list of those who have duties under it. The section refers to articles and substances for use at work, and requires those mentioned to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that articles and substances are safe when being used in the widest sense. They must be tested for safety in use, or tests are to be arranged and done by a competent authority. Information about the use for which an article or substance was designed, including any necessary conditions of use to ensure health and safety, must be supplied v4th the article or substance. 

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