Modem Ceramics

P. Vincen ini, ed.. Advanced Ceramic Processes, Proceedings of the 3rd International Meeting of Modem Ceramics Technology, National Research Council, Research Laboratory of Ceramics Technology, Paen2a, Italy, 1978. 

J. E. Hove and W. C. Riley, Modem Ceramics, SomePrinciples andConcepts, Das Wdey Sons, Inc., New York, 1965. 

D. W. Richerson, Modem Ceramic Engineering Properties, Processing and Use in Design, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1982. 

A promising area is the design of modem ceramic and glass ceramic materials based on high purity elementorganic compounds Si(OR)4, Al(OR)3, B(OR)3, etc.), because traditional materials (metals, metal-based alloys, plastics, etc.) do not meet contemporaiy technical requirements to products designed to operate under extreme conditions. 

Since the inception of the era of modem ceramics, usually defined as starting in the late 1940s, there have been many advances in ceramics processing technology. One of the most prolific advances in terms of commercial use has been the development and implementation of tape casting, also referred to as knife coating... 

Unlike clay-based systems, modem ceramics require additives, termed binders, to provide the plasticity required for ductile-forming methods to be used. These organic additives serve to modify the rheological behavior of the ceramic suspensions and impart handling strength to the green, as-formed ceramic bodies. Their... 

Richerson, D. W. Modem Ceramic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992. Rivoirard, S. Popa, I. et al. Solid. State Phenom. 2005, 105, 291-296. 

Richerson, D.W. Modem Ceramic Engineering, 2nd Ed. Marcel Dekker New York, 1992. Rahaman, M.N. Ceramic Processing and Sintering, Marcel Dekker New York, 1995. 

Richerson, David W. (1992). Modem Ceramic Engineering Properties, Processes, and Use in Design, 2nd edition, revised and expanded. New York Marcel Dekker. 

Paradoxically, because interest in modem ceramics came later than interest in metals and polymers, ceramics are simultaneously our oldest and newest solids. Consequently, working in the field of ceramics, while sometimes frustrating, can ultimately be quite rewarding and exciting. There are a multitude of compounds that have never been synthesized, let alone characterized. Amazing discoveries are always around the corner, as the following two examples illustrate. 

The notched ball test is well situated to determine the surface quality of ceramic balls, as they are used in modem ceramic ball bearings. 

Vincenzini, P. (ed.). Ceramic Powders. Proceedings of the 5th International Meeting on Modem Ceramics Technologies, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983. 

Despite many recent advances in material science and engineering, the performance of ceramic components in severe conditions is still far below the ideal limits predicted by theory. Modem ceramics have been primarily the products of applied physics and parallel the developments of physical metallurgy. The emphasis on the relation between behavior and microstructure has been fruitful for ceramic scientists for several decades. It has been recently realized, however, that major advances in ceramics during the next several decades will require an emphasis on molecular-level control. Organic chemistry, once abhorred by ceramic engineers trained to define ceramics as inorganic-nonmetallic materials, has become a valuable source of new ceramics. It has recently become known that as the stmctural scale in ceramics is reduced from macro to micro and to nano crystalline regimes, the basic properties are drastically altered. A brittle ceramic material has been shown to be partially ductile, for example. 

Perugini, G. Analysis of dynamic fusion phenomena of ceramic and metallic powders injected into an argon plasma jet, 3d Internat. Meet. Modem Ceramics Technologies, Rimini, Italy... 

In 1985, K.H. Schuller and H.W. Hennicke published a classification that combined the craft-oriented material names derived from traditional ceramics with those of modem ceramics on the basis of synthetic raw materials, with rational chemical and mineralogical names [8]. This was necessary because global economic development called for clear terms to resolve translation and definition problems, but also for correct standard descriptions. They established the main groups ... 

Richerson DW (1992) Extrusion. In Modem Ceramic Engineering. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 478-488... 

Ceramics are usually used in a polycrystalline form. GBs in ionic and covalent materials must be better understood to improve the science of processing of many modem ceramic materials the properties of polycrystalline ceramics depend directly on the geometry and composition of GBs. The types of GBs commonly found in ceramic materials range from situations in which the distance between the grains is >0.1 pm and such grains are separated by a second phase (glass), to the basal twin boundary in AI2O3, which is atomically abrupt and potentially very clean. 

Richerson, D.W. (2006) Modem Ceramic Engineering, 3rd. edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 13 describes the important shape-forming processes. 

Modem ceramic cutting materials like SiAION have proven to push the limits of material removal rates for cutting of nickel base materials. Economical calculations have shown that the substitution of cemented carbide tool by SiAION enables a machining cost reduction of 28 % (Wiemann 2006). 

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