Lycopene cancer risk

An evaluation of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (Giovannucci et al., 1995) has detected a lower prostate cancer risk associated with the greater consumption of tomatoes and related food products. Tomatoes are the primary dietary source of lycopene and lycopene concentrations are highest in testis and adrenal tissue (Clinton, 1998). In paired benign and malignant prostate tissue from 25 American men, 53-74 yrs, undergoing... 

GANN P H, GIOVANNUCCI E, WILLETT W, SACHS F H, HENNEKENS C H and STAMPFER M I (1999) Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopene levels results of a prospective analysis , Cancer Res, 59, 1225-30. 

GIOVANNUCCI E, RIMM E B, LIU Y, STAMPFER M J and WILLETT w c (2002) A prospective study of tomato products, lycopene and prostate cancer risk , J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, 391-8. 

Carotenoids and prostate cancer — Numerous epidemiological studies including prospective cohort and case-control studies have demonstrated the protective roles of lycopene, tomatoes, and tomato-derived products on prostate cancer risk other carotenoids showed no effects. " In two studies based on correlations between plasma levels or dietary intake of various carotenoids and prostate cancer risk, lycopene appeared inversely associated with prostate cancer but no association was reported for a-carotene, P-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, or p-cryptoxanthin. - Nevertheless, a protective role of all these carotenoids (provided by tomatoes, pumpkin, spinach, watermelon, and citrus fruits) against prostate cancer was recently reported by Jian et al. ... 

Intervention trials confirmed this protective role of lycopene on prostate cancer risk. Three primary intervention studies evaluated the effect of lycopene supplementation on prostate cancer risk or on certain risk markers such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) plasma concentration or oxidative alterations of leucocyte DNA. - All showed increases of plasma and prostate lycopene levels after diet supplementation with lycopene and inverse correlations between tumor incidence and risk biomarkers. 

Data concerning gastric cancer are scarce. The prospective Netherlands Cohort Study found no correlation between lutein dietary intake and gastric cancer risk, whereas findings from the Physicians Health Study and the ATBC study reported no effect of P-carotene on gastric cancer incidence. Two case-control studies and three intervention trials (ATBC, CARET, and the Physicians Health Study ) showed no association of P-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and P-cryptoxanthin. 

Giovannucci, E. 2007. Does prostate-specific antigen screening influence the results of studies of tomatoes, lycopene, and prostate cancer risk 7 Natl Cancer Inst 99(14) 1060-1062. 

Voskuil, DW, A Vrieling, CM Korse et al. 2008. Effects of lycopene on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in premenopausal breast cancer surviviors and women at high familial breast cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 60(3) 342-353. 

HPFS + NHSe Case-cohort11 10 12,407 M-F /3-Carotenes do not significantly lower the lung cancer risk a-Carotene and lycopene intakes were associated with a lower risk of lung cancer 149... 

Tomatoes and tomato products Lycopene Reduce risk for cancer... 

Miller EC, Glovannuccl E, Erdman JW, Bahnson R, Schwartz SJ, Clinton SK. Tomato products, lycopene and prostate cancer risk. Urol Clin North Am 2002 29 83-93. 

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