Gastric cancer incidence

Data concerning gastric cancer are scarce. The prospective Netherlands Cohort Study found no correlation between lutein dietary intake and gastric cancer risk, whereas findings from the Physicians Health Study and the ATBC study reported no effect of P-carotene on gastric cancer incidence. Two case-control studies and three intervention trials (ATBC, CARET, and the Physicians Health Study ) showed no association of P-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and P-cryptoxanthin. 

Malila, N., Taylor, P.R., Virtanen, M.J., Korhonen, P., Huttunen, J.K., Albanes, D., and Virtamo, J., Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on gastric cancer incidence in male smokers (ATBC Study, Finland), Cancer Causes Control, 13, 617, 2002. 

Estimated Gastric Cancer Incidence Per 100,000 Population and Percent Distribution (Prevalence) of Histologic Findings of Gastric Biopsies for Five Columbian Populations, 1972-1974... 

Salt exerts a promoting effect (33) The effect of salt as a promoter is linked to the epidemiologic information that populations with a high incidence of gastric cancer also tend to exhibit a high incidence of hypertension (34-40) ... 

Between 1900 and 1950, gastric cancer was one of the major types of cancer in the United States. Its incidence and mortality have decreased sharply since 1950 (41), and the concepts presented in this paper account for this decline. In other parts of the world, including Japan, the mountainous interior regions of Central and Western Latin America, and in Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as in Iceland, gastric cancer remains one of the major cancers. There is a North-South gradient, or South-North in the Southern hemisphere, with greater incidence in more frigid zones. 

Marked contrasts in the frequency of gastric cancer have been recognized for a long time, as shown in Figure 1 which gives the rank order of the magnitude of the incidence rate for populations througjiout the world (1. It is immediately apparent... 

Larsson SC, Bergkvist L and Wolk A. 2006. Fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of gastric cancer a prospective study. Cancer Epidimiol Biomarkers Prev 15(10) 1998—2001. 

Various studies have examined the incidence of gastric cancer with coal dust exposure because various carcinogenic substances have been identified in coal and because coal dust may reach the gastrointestinal tract through the pulmonary clearance system. Although... 

Several in vivo chemoprevention studies have been reported with curcumin in gastric cancers. In some of the chemoprevention studies, curcumin fed as dietary turmeric (2% or 5%) to mice and Syrian golden hamsters significantly inhibited the benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach tumors. Furthermore, the incidence and multiplicity of forestomach tumors induced by benzo[a]pyrene in female Swiss mice were significantly inhibited by pure curcumin given 2 weeks before, during and after the carcinogen treatment. Other studies also revealed the chemopreventive effect of curcumin on benzo[a]pyrene-induced... 

Further studies have validated this hypothesis, in part,4 and ultimately this inventive premise was borne out in clinical practice. As a result, 5-FU (5) was eventually approved for treatment of solid tumors, such as breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. Marketed as Adrucil when administered intravenously, 5-FU can be used either as monotherapy or combination therapy with various cytotoxic drugs and biochemical modulators, such as leucovorin and methotrexate.5 Because 5-fluorouracil is not orally bioavailable, it must be administered by continuous infusion to optimize its efficacy due to its short half-life in plasma. In addition, 5-FU has poor selectivity toward tumors in vivo, and its distribution into tissues such as bone marrow, the gastrointestinal tract, the liver and skin causes high incidences of toxicity. In addition, in spite of its limited lipid solubility, 5-fluorouracil diffuses readily across the blood-brain barrier into cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue.1,5... 

In an extension of these studies, Wada et al. (Wl) reported the incidence of positive precipitation reactions for serum proteins by the Ouchterlony technique to be 77.0% in gastric cancer (26 cases) and 64.5% in chronic gastritis (31 cases). However, this held true in only 15-20% of peptic ulcer cases. In atrophic gastritis, 6-8 precipitation lines were obtained with antisera to human serum and these included intensive lines of albumin and yglobulin and also faint lines of oro-somucoid, a2-globulin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and (3-globulin. 

However, there is still no valid reason for considering the H2 receptor antagonists to be tumorigenic, and when studies have detected some excess incidence of gastric cancer in long-term users of H2 receptor antagonists this... 

Fig. 18.2. Mutations in DNA caused by nitrosamines. Nitrosamines are consumed in many natural products and are produced in the stomach from nitrites used as preservatives and secondary amines found in foods such as fish. They are believed to be responsible for the high incidence of gastric cancer found in Japan and Iceland, where salt-preserved fish was a major dietary item. Nitrosamine metabolites methylate guanine (the transferred methyl group is shown in blue).

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