Lungs INDEX

Relatively non-specific T cell immunosuppression has been successful in animal models. Treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice with cyclosporin A led to improvement of the disease as seen by an abrogation of the increase in lung index, lack of IL-1 and TNFa release in BAL (Denis etal., 1992). However, this drug has not proven to be useful in clinical lung fibrosis in humans. 

TSCHOPP O, BOEHLER A, SPEICH R, WEDER W, SEIFERT B, RUSSI E W and SCHMID C (2002) OsteoporOsis before lung transplantation association with low body mass index, but not with imderlying disease. Am J Transplant. 2 (2) 167-72. 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines available at http //www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm... 

Acroldn concentration, 186,187 Adenosine triphosphate, effect of ozone on lung concentration of, 354 Aerosol carbon balance, 50 Aerosol formation, 4, 14, 674-76 ability index, 61 diemical medianisms of, 72 hydrox]4 radical-aromatic hydrocar> bon reaction, 76-81 ozone-olefin reaction, 72-76 condensable species vapor pressure and, 86-90,101... 

Theophylline, a dimethylxanthine, causes broncho-dilation, possibly by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase in smooth muscle of the bronchioli. An other proposed mechanism of action is that of adenosine receptor antagonism. It has positive chronotropic and inotropic, CNS stimulant and weak diuretic properties. In obstructive lung disease sustained release tablets are to be preferred. Theophy-line has a narrow therapeutic index. Therapeutic plasma concentrations are between 7-15 mg/1. Theophylline undergoes N-demethylation via CYPl A2 in the liver and is eliminated in the urine as metabolites... 

J.P. Meinhardt, U. Friess, H.J. Bender, R.B. Hirschl, M. Quintel, Relationship among cardiac index, inspiration/expiration ratio, and perfluorocarbon dose during partial liquid ventilation in an oleic acid model of acute lung injury in sheep, J. Pediatr. Surg. 40 (2005) 1395-1403. 

One of the most important factors influencing the transfer of an anesthetic from the lungs to the arterial blood is its solubility characteristics (Table 25-2). The blood gas partition coefficient is a useful index of solubility and defines the relative affinity of an anesthetic for the blood compared with that of inspired gas. The partition coefficients for desflurane and nitrous oxide, which are relatively insoluble in blood, are extremely low. When an anesthetic with low blood solubility... 

BALB/c mice were injected s.c. with 1 x 10 Meth A cells into the right flank on day 0 and i.v. rechallenged on day 9. The primary tumor was removed on day 11. CVS (50 mg/kg) was injected i.t into the primary tumor on day 3. Subcutaneous injections of CVS (150 mg/kg) were started from day 5. Metastatic foci and lung weight were measured on day 23 (14 days after the rechallenge tumor inoculation). Number of metastatic foci was evaluated as metastatic index (MI 0 no me-... 

Biomarkers of Disease. No biomarkers are known that are specific for BCME-induced lung injury. Standard chemical examination of nose and throat can provide an index of local irritation, and examination of sputum for abnormal cell types can provide information on the state of the respiratory epithelium. However, these tests cannot distinguish BCME-induced effects from effects caused by smoking or exposure to other chemicals, and can only discover changes after damage to the tissue has already occurred. Continued efforts to devise more sensitive and more specific early biomarkers of disease (especially lung cancer) would be valuable. 

Blanchard, J. D., Heyder, J., O Donnel, C. R., and Brain, J. D. Aerosol-derived lung morphometry Comparisons with a lung model and lung function indexes. J. Appl. Physiol. 71 1216-1224, 1991. 

Portion Distortion Do You Know How Food Portions Have Changed in 20 Years " National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Available online. URL http //hp2010.nhlbihin.net/portion/ index.htm. Accessed November 13, 2007. 

The total given in the last column of Table 81 is a measure of the lifetime exposure of the worker to feldspar dust. It is an index often sufficiently absolute to indicate whether or not pneumoconiosis is present that is, when the million-particle years of exposure exceed a particular value it may be expected that some lung pathology will be found The weighted average is equally valuable for statistical purposes when it is desired to group workers with the same degree of exposure by years of employment. 

Various factors affect the reproducibility of drag delivery to the lungs, including physiological (respiratory maneuver) and pharmaceutical (device, formulation) variables. For the systemic delivery of drags with a narrow therapeutic index, such variations may be unacceptable. 

Her body mass index (BMI) was 31.5 kg/m2, which is more than 97% of that for her age. Her thyroid was not enlarged, the cardiac examination was normal, and the lung examination was normal without any wheezing (a high-pitched, flutelike noise with expiration often seen with asthma). She had a dark, thick skin rash in the folds on her neck called acanthosis nigricans. 

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