Lung screening

In a mouse lung screening assay, TV-nitrosodiethanolamine increased the incidence and multiplicity of lung tumours. 

Church TR National Lung Screening Trial Executive Committee (2003) Chest radiography as the comparison for spiral CT in the National Lung Screening Trial. Acad Radiol 10 713-715... 

Kung, M.C., Lee, J.K., Kung, H.H., and Mockros, L.F. 2008. MicroChannel technologies for artificial lungs Screen-filled wide rectangular channels. ASAIO J 54 383-89. 

Uses of Specific Laboratory Tests to Discover, Confirm, and/or Exclude a Disease. Some tests can confirm the diagnosis of a disease (e.g., tissue histology from a broncho scopic biopsy to confirm lung cancer), but cannot be used to exclude the disease or discover the disease in routine screening. Other tests can be used both to confirm and to exclude the diagnosis of a disease (e.g., glucose tolerance test for diabetes mellitus), but are too inconvenient to be used to discover the disease in routine screening. The uses of each laboratory test to discover, confirm, or exclude a disease should be considered before a test is simply added to a clinical trial protocol. This ensures that the test is appropriate in the context of the planned clinical trial. 

As might be expected from a screen in which the target tumor was a soft tissue sarcoma, those tumors were among the most sensitive to the compound, along with ovarian tumors, mesotheliomas, melanomas, and lung carcinomas. Tumors least sensitive to this compound included pancreatic carcinomas, neuroblastomas, and especially, renal cell carcinomas. As a rule, for the seven classes of compounds identified in the screen, soft tissue sarcomas, ovarian carcinomas, and mesotheliomas were the most sensitive tumor types. 

To further confirm the data, we performed Y chromosome PCR. The sensitivity of this method was 10 or 1000 cells detected in a total of 10 cells that were screened. Organs of female rats infused with male MSC were harvested at 24 hand at day 3 after infusion. Real-time quantitative PCR withY chromosome-specific primers showed amplification only in the lungs at 24 h after cell infusion (Figure 5), whereas kidney, liver, spleen, and bone marrow were negative, thereby further corroborating our results about a clearance of MSC from kidneys long-term. 

A list of procedures comprising a medical screen is given in Box 4.9. Particular studies may require additional procedures, such as lung function tests, coagulation studies, exercise or 24 h ECG or a psychiatric interview. 

On screening 1039 tungsten carbide workers, interstitial lung disease was observed in 0.7% and work-related wheezing occurred in 10.9%."... 

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE). NSE is useful for monitoring the outcome of treatment and the course of disease in patients with neuroendocrine tumors, in particular small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. The test is not suitable as a screening or adjunct to diagnosis because of low clinical sensitivity and specificity. Elevated serum NSE concentrations are found in patients with ... 

Current efforts favor tumor cell line tests, conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) drug development program [62]. In the current NCI anticancer screen, each compound is tested against 60 human tumor cell lines derived from several cancer types (lung, colon, melanoma, kidney, breast, ovary, brain, leukemia). The tumor cells are seeded on 96-well microtiter plates and pre-incubated for 24 h. The test agents are then added to the wells (five 10-fold dilutions 0.01 -100 pmol/1) and are incubated for 48 h with the tumor cell lines. At the termination of the assay, the cells are fixed in situ with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), washed and dried. Sulforhodamine B (SRB), a dye that binds to the basic amino... 

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