Lumbar support

Side mouldings... Constant velocity boots Lumbar supports... Mounts... 

Products made from sisal are being developed rapidly, such as furniture and wall tiles made of resonated sisal. A recent development has even expanded the range to car parts for cabin interiors. Other products developed from sisal fibre include spa products, cat scratching posts, lumbar support belts, rugs, slippers and cloths. In recent years sisal has been utilized as a strengthening agent to replace asbestos and glass fibre, as well as an environmentally friendly component in the automobile industry. 

The chair should provide adequate lumbar support. Ideally a typist s chair with adjustable seat and back should be provided. If that is not possible, a standard classroom chair of the correct height for the table with a supportive back should be used. Stools are not suitable. It may be necessary to provide chairs of different heights to cope with a range of sizes among the children. 

C M Beaty, V J Bhaktaram, W F Rayburn, M J Parker, H D Christensen and K Chandrasekaran, Low backache during pregnancy. Acute honodynamic effects of a lumbar support , Jbur/ia/ of Reproductive Medicine, 1999 44 1007-1011. 

An adjustable office chair that allows variation for seat height, seat depth, seat width, lumbar support, backrest, armrests, and the ability to swivel. These adjustments increase comfort and positioning in supported, neutral positions. To reduce the risk of work-related injuries from long periods of time spent at a desk or on a computer. See also Ergonomics. 

Promote lumbar lordosis (the bow shape in the spine) - a lumbar support between seat back and spine helps. 

Minimize pressure on discs. Reclined backrests, lumbar support and arm rests all help arm rests reduce the work shoulder muscles need to do. 

An adjusted selection of seats, its regular maintenance, the existence of lumbar support and suspension mechanisms are very important. In organizational terms, either the redefinition of routes based on the road type or the establishment of regular rest breaks can also help to reduce the effects of vibration exposure. By drivers, speed adjustment according to driving conditions, physical exercise and healthy eating habits can reduce the effects caused by exposure to WBV. 

A possible administrative control to reduce a bus driver s exposure to WBV could involve assigning routes based on road type, with the goal of limiting or distributing WBV exposures based on road type (Blood Johnson, 2012). As the road surface s improvement is not the Bus Companies responsibility, the most reasonable actions capable of reducing the effects of vibration transmission to these bus drivers are 1) use of a seat equipped with vertical suspension and lumbar support ... 

Epidural/Intrathecal administration Limit epidural or intrathecal administration of preservative-free morphine and sufentanil to the lumbar area. Intrathecal use has been associated with a higher incidence of respiratory depression than epidural use. Asthma and other respiratory conditions The use of bisulfites is contraindicated in asthmatic patients. Bisulfites and morphine may potentiate each other, preventing use by causing severe adverse reactions. Use with extreme caution in patients having an acute asthmatic attack, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, a substantially decreased respiratory reserve, and preexisting respiratory depression, hypoxia, or hypercapnia. Even usual therapeutic doses of narcotics may decrease respiratory drive while simultaneously increasing airway resistance to the point of apnea. Reserve use for those whose conditions require endotracheal intubation and respiratory support or control of ventilation. In these patients, consider alternative nonopioid analgesics, and employ only under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose. 

Bupivacaine can cause ventricular extra beats (8). Ventricular dysrhythmias and seizures were reported in a patient who received 0.5% bupivacaine 30 ml with adrenaline 5 micrograms/ml for lumbar plexus block, after a negative aspiration test (9). The patient developed ventricular fibrillation and required advanced cardiac life support for 1 hour, including 15 defibrillations, and adrenaline 40 mg before sinus rhythm could be restored. There were no neurological sequelae. 

By 1988 it was possible to summarize the adverse effects reported after the distribution of over 1.8 million doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (Table 1) (2). From 1982 onwards, the Centers for Disease Control, the Food and Drug Administration, and the manufacturers, Merck Sharp Dohme, had supported a special surveillance system to monitor spontaneous reports of reactions to plasma-derived hepatitis vaccine. During the first 3 years, about 850 000 persons were immunized. In all, 41 reports were received for one of the following neurological adverse events convulsion (n = 5), Bell s palsy (n — 10), Guillain-Barre syndrome (n = 9), lumbar radiculopathy (n — 5), brachial plexus neuropathy (n = 3), optic neuritis (n — 5), and transverse myelitis (n = 4). Half of these events occurred after the first vaccine dose. However, no conclusive causal association could be made between any neurological adverse event and the vaccine (3). 

There is increasing evidence to support a role for peripheral CB2 receptors in the analgesic effects of cannabinoids. Thus, chronic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury, but not that produced by peripheral inflammation, was associated with the enhancement of CB2 cannabinoid receptor expression, specifically located in the lumbar spinal cord (Malan et al. 2002). Thus, a selective induction of spinal CB2 expression presumably occurs on activated microglia in regions undergoing neuronal damage. 

Exposure Routes, Symptoms, Target Organs (see Table 5) ER Inh SY Head, lass nau, abdom pain lumbar pain, hema, hemolytic anemia jaun pulm irrit TO Blood, liver, kidneys, resp sys First Aid (see Tabie 6) Breath Resp support ... 

Clinical examples of this interaction seem to be few and of poor quality (note that the patients were given repeated lumbar punctures, up to four times daily in some instances). E should also be noted that the supporting evidence (human, animal and in vitro studies) dates back to the mid-1940s with nothing more recent apparently on record. Local anaesthetics of the ester type that are hydrolysed to PABA (e.g. tetracaine, procaine, benzo-caine) present the greatest risk of a reaction, whereas those of the amide type (bupivacaine, cinchocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine) would not be expected to interact adversely. The evidence seems to be too... 

Assessment of Trunk Posture An asymmetric trunk posture should be avoided (no trunk axial rotation or trunk lateral flexion). Absence of normal lumbar spine lordosis should be avoided. If the trank is inclined backward, full support of the lower and upper back should be provided. The forward trunk inclination should be less than 60°, on the condition that the holding time be less than the maximum acceptable holding time for the actual forward trunk inclination, as well as that adequate rest is provided after action (muscle fitness should not be below 80%). 

Fig. 5.3 Continued, (i) hip spica, (j) lumbar/abdominal support, (k) anti-embolism stockings.

---