Low Manufacture

Aroma.tic-AUpha.tic Polyester Resins. Unlike most other classes of engineering plastics, which are made by only a few manufacturers, aromatic-aHphatic polyester resins are produced and compounded by several dozen firms (66). The aHphatic polyester resin marketplace is characterized by wide product differentiation and competition. Some firms make only a few hundred tons per year and presumably retain profitabiHty because of the avadabiHty of low cost monomer and the simplicity of the processes employed. Low investment and low manufacturing costs are possible even for smaH-volume operations. 

Ge resistors are specifically produced for low-temperature thermometry carbon and Ru02 resistors are commercial products for electronics. Pure carbon is not a semiconductor. The negative slope R(T) is due to the production process which consists in pressing and sinterization of carbon particles with glue. The resulting resistance is probably determined by the contact resistance between the particles. The cost of the carbon resistor thermometer is very low. Manufacturers such as Speer, Allen-Bradley and Matsushita have produced in the past carbon resistors for many years. Most of firms have now ceased manufacture, although their products may still be found in the storerooms of research laboratories. 

Catalysis Issues in SOFC Catalytic processes play in important role in the operation of in particular, the SOFC anode and cathode, and the major challenges for the further development of SOFC towards a commercial project are largely related to improving catalytic activity and robustness. The critical technical issues for SOFC are reliability and lifetime, while economic requirements impose low manufacturing and materials costs. 

Apart from lifetime, costs requirements demand the use of low amounts of the more expensive materials or the use of low cost materials for cells (preferably both), in addition to low manufacturing costs. As an indication, considering full... 

The marine industry represents one of the largest markets for unsaturated polyester resins. First introduced to the boating industry in the mid-to-late 1950s, the use of unsaturated polyesters, coupled with their relatively low manufacturing costs, can be credited with opening boating to the mass market. 

Optical properties of the material are less critical for microchips hyphenated with MS than for devices with on-chip optical detection where low background absorption or fluorescence is mandatory. Thus, completely opaque polymers like glassy carbon or polyimide " can be used as microfabrication substrates. Furthermore, polymer microchips are of great interest because their potentially low manufacturing costs may allow them to be disposable. Methods used for the fabrication of plastic chips include laser ablation and molding methods. 

Low manufacturing costs in comparison to other types of phosphazene polymers and... 

TNT has a number of advantages which have made it widely used in military explosives before World War I and up to the present time. These include low manufacturing costs and cheap raw materials, safety... 

The large scale ofthe manufacture of HFCS necessitates low manufacturing costs and thus very efficient processing. For this reason, we will investigate in more depth the common process option for the Gl-catalyzed reaction to HFCS, the plug-flow packed-bed reactor (Roels, 1979). 

Although most experts predict that third generation self-scanned solid state imagers will eventually become the OIDs of choice, at the present time, their compromised performance, low manufacture yield and therefore, limited commercial availability, greatly limit their use as spectrometric detectors. An exception to that are self-scanned photodiode arrays. 

Tablets are still considered as the dosage forms of choice for reasons such as low manufacturing cost and good stability. Many direct compression dilutents have been reported,but every dilutent has some disadvantages [295]. Crystalline cellulose (MCC) has been widely used as a tablet dilutent in Japan. Chitin and chitosan, on account of their versatility, were reported to be useful dilutents for pharmaceutical preparations [296-298].

Low manufacturing costs High raw material yields (99.9% for ethylene and 99.8% for chlorine) and a product quality, which requires no further treatment, ensure a highly competitive process with low production costs. The HTC (high temperature chlorination) boiling reactor is simple, because no EDC washing, wastewater treatment and EDC distillation facilities are necessary. 

Low manufacturing costs The unlimited catalyst service is combined with the low losses via the highly efficient cyclone system (less than 20g catalyst per ton of produced EDC). High raw-material yields (98.5 % ethylene, 99 % anhydrous hydrochloride and 94 % oxygen) and the possibility to use low-cost oxygen from PSA units ensure a highly competitive process with low production costs. 

Approaches to 3D integration are often divided into die-level approaches and wafer-level approaches. Most often, the heterogeneous integration and small form factor advantages are obtained with die-level approaches in addition, high performance and low manufacturing cost can be achieved with wafer-level approaches. 

TNT has the advantages of low manufacturing costs and cheap raw materials, safe handling, a low sensitivity to impact and friction, high-explosive power, and also has good chemical and thermal stability. 

Magnetic-field sensors are widely used in automotive applications because of their robust design, their non-contacting and thus wear-free operation and their low manufacturing costs, in particular for solid-state sensors, which can be fabricated using batch processes. Their main fields of application in automobiles are speed and position sensing. In total, about one third of today s automotive sensors are based on the magnetic principle [1],... 

It should persist in the mbber over its entire life cycle. For noncarbon black filled mbbers, the antiozonant must be nondiscoloring and nonstaining. The antiozonant should have a low toxicity and should be nonmutagenic, and, the antiozonant should be acceptable economically, eg, have low manufacturing and end use costs. 

Synthetic strategies associated with grafting employ various modes of polymerizations, for example, living/controlled techniques, thermally initiated or photoini-tiated polymerizations. Among these, photochemical technique offers a number of advantages. First of all, it can be conducted at room temperature. This is quite remarkable when low manufacturing costs are concerned for mass production, as well... 

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