Boiling reactor

Rgure 10.6 The direct chlorination step of the vinyl chloride process using a boiling reactor eliminates the washing and neutralization steps and the resulting effluents. (From McNaughton, Chem. Engg., December 12, 1983, pp. 54-58 reproduced by permission.)... 

Manufacture. Phosphoms sulfides are manufactured commercially by direct reaction of the elements. Elemental phosphoms and sulfur are measured into a reaction vessel containing a heel of molten phosphoms sulfide. The reaction can be batch or continuous. The ratio of phosphoms to sulfur in the feed determines which phosphoms sulfur compound (Table 5) is formed. The reaction temperature can be the boiling point or lower. For the boiling reactor (27,28), the phosphoms sulfide product is first purified by distillation and then condensed to a Hquid. Alternatively, the Hquid product can be formed directly in a nondistiUed process (29—31), which may involve a subsequent distillation step (30), and in which the phosphoms is often cleaned up prior to use (30—32). For either process, the Hquid phosphoms sulfide product is soHdified, and usually sized to form a commercial material. 

Direct chlorination usually produces EDC with a purity greater than 99.5 wt %, so that, except for removal of the FeCl, Httle further purification is necessary. Ferric chloride can be removed by adsorption of a sofld, or the EDC can be distilled from the FeCl in a boiling reactor, as noted above. Alternatively, the FeCl can be removed by washing with water, usually in conjunction with EDC from the oxychlorination process. 

Figure 28.6 The direct chlorination step of the vinyl chloride process using a boiling reactor eliminates the washing and neutralization steps and the resulting effluents.

Matzner, B., J. E. Casterline, E. O. Moech, and G. A. Wilkhammer, Experimental Critical Heat Flux Measurement Applied to a Boiling Reactor Channel, ASME Paper 66-WA/HT-46, Winter Annual... 

Low manufacturing costs High raw material yields (99.9% for ethylene and 99.8% for chlorine) and a product quality, which requires no further treatment, ensure a highly competitive process with low production costs. The HTC (high temperature chlorination) boiling reactor is simple, because no EDC washing, wastewater treatment and EDC distillation facilities are necessary. 

Simple process The HTC-boiling reactor is simple due to elimination of washing equipment, wastewater treatment and EDC distillation. 

Less plot area The plot area requirement for the DC boiling reactor unit is very small and can be accommodated to customers needs. 

Smith, J.M. Gao, Z. Muller Steinhagen, H. Void fraction distributions in sparged and boiling reactors with modem impeller configurations. Chem. Eng. Process. 2001, 40, 489-497. 

T1. Tien, C. L., Schrock, V. E., and Johnson, H. A., On the Prediction of Void Volume in Transient Satd. Pool Boiling. Reactor Heat Transients Res., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, California, SAN-1004, TID-4500, 1962. 

Data have been developed on a boiling reactor concept that utilizes a liquid catalyst and a fixed-bed reactor concept that utilizes an acid resin catalyst. The fixed-bed option offers several advantages, in particular, in raw materials cost and handling, and in materials of construction. It is requested that you investigate the fixed-bed concept and compare it with a reactive distillation concept that... 

Two other BWRs are of interest. The variable moderator boiling reactor was designed by the American Standard Corporation but never built. The second is another plant with an integral superheater built in the USSR. This 100-MWe reactor featured a graphite moderator. 

Styrikovich, N. A., Martynova, O. I. Contamination of the steam in boiling reactors from solution of water impurities. Atomnaya Energiya 15, 214-218 (1963)... 

Another limitation of a boiling reactor is the effect of pressure on boiling point. A very tall reactor will have higher temperatures at the bottom that will typically give lower molecular weight polymer and higher polydispersity in the product. 

Some expensive primary circuit equipment items (main circulation pumps, steam generators, remote separators, etc.) are eliminated through use of the vessel-type boiling reactor with an integral arrangement of the primary circuit inside the vessel and natural circulation of the coolant ... 

When an existing boiling reactor is sparged, the sparged gas rate can be corrected using the vapor pressure of the liquid at the temperature measured. Assuming that the partial pressure of the vapor pv is then known, the total volumetric rate, Qov, is given by... 

Figure 11-22 Vertical void fraction distributions at three boil-off rates in a boiling reactor with twin radial pumping 18 cm CD6 impellers at 240 rpm.

Gao, Z., J. M. Smith, D. Zhao, and H. Milller-Steinhagen (2000). Void firaction and mixing in sparged and boiling reactors, Proc. 10th European Mixing Conference, Delft, The Netherlands, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 213-220. 

Smith, J. M., and L. Smit (1988). Impeller hydrodynamics in boiling reactors, Proc. 6th European Conference on Mixing, Pavia, Italy, pp. 297-304. 

GP is an abbreviation for power heterogeneous loop reactor (in Russian), a channel-type, graphite-moderated, light-water coolant, boiling reactor with natural circulation. 

Hu, R., Kazimi, M.S., 2011. Flashing-induced instabdity analysis and the start-up of natural circulation boiling reactors. Nuclear Technology 176, 57—71. 

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