Small Form Factor

FIGURE 15.1 Representative SoC, MCM, and SiP approaches for reducing form factor and increasing functionality through integration (from Ref. 6-9). 

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Rollable displays are particularly attractive for mobile applications, because of their low weight, small form factor, and robustness when rolled into the device, as will be discussed in Section 14.7 on roll-up display device concepts. The availability of rollable display devices will greatly stimulate advances in electronic books, newspapers and magazines, and new services offered by (third generation) mobile net-... 

Approaches to 3D integration are often divided into die-level approaches and wafer-level approaches. Most often, the heterogeneous integration and small form factor advantages are obtained with die-level approaches in addition, high performance and low manufacturing cost can be achieved with wafer-level approaches. 

The ceramic separator provides groundwork for future power sources that enable small form factors for portable electronics. 

Here Pyj is the structure factor for the (hkl) diffiaction peak and is related to the atomic arrangements in the material. Specifically, Fjjj is the Fourier transform of the positions of the atoms in one unit cell. Each atom is weighted by its form factor, which is equal to its atomic number Z for small 26, but which decreases as 2d increases. Thus, XRD is more sensitive to high-Z materials, and for low-Z materials, neutron or electron diffraction may be more suitable. The faaor e (called the Debye-Waller factor) accounts for the reduction in intensity due to the disorder in the crystal, and the diffracting volume V depends on p and on the film thickness. For epitaxial thin films and films with preferred orientations, the integrated intensity depends on the orientation of the specimen. 

For non-interacting, incompressible polymer systems the dynamic structure factors of Eq. (3) may be significantly simplified. The sums, which in Eq. (3) have to be carried out over all atoms or in the small Q limit over all monomers and solvent molecules in the sample, may be restricted to only one average chain yielding so-called form factors. With the exception of semi-dilute solutions in the following, we will always use this restriction. Thus, S(Q, t) and Sinc(Q, t) will be understood as dynamic structure factors of single chains. Under these circumstances the normalized, so-called macroscopic coherent cross section (scattering per unit volume) follows as... 

Figure 3. Form factor for a) star graphs numerics (red) versus the power series expansion (15) (green) b) diffusive network (in 2 d) deviations occur for small r, see inset. 

The Pauli form factor also generates a small contribution to the Lamb shift. This form factor does not produce any contribution if one neglects the lower components of the unperturbed wave functions, since the respective matrix element is identically zero between the upper components in the standard representation for the Dirac matrices which we use everywhere. Taking into account lower components in the nonrelativistic approximation we easily obtain an explicit expression for the respective perturbation... 

Parametrically the result in (6.13) is of order m Za) m/A), where A is the form factor scale. Hence, this correction is suppressed in comparison with the leading proton size contribution not only by an extra factor Za but also by the extra small factor m/A. This explains the smallness of this contribution, even in comparison with the proton size correction of order (Za) (see below Subsect. 6.3.2), since one factor m/A in (6.13) is traded for a much larger factor Za in that logarithmically enhanced contribution. 

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