Liquid alum

The clear supernatant solution is decanted and sold in Hquid form or concentrated to approximately 61.5 ° Bh and then allowed to soHdify to form blocks that are cmshed, ground, and graded. A typical analysis for the dry product is total A117.0—17.5% Fe202 <0.5% water of composition 42—43% insoluble <1.0%. Liquid alum contains 7.5—8.5% Al O. At concentrations >8.5% AI2O2, crystallisation of the solution may occur. 

Aluminum based chemicals have been used for many years in wastewater treatment applications for suspended solids removal. These include dry and liquid alum, with sodium aluminate used in activated sludge plants for phosphorus removal. 

Established practice in the treatment field has been to dilute liquid alum prior to application. However, recent studies have shown that feeding undiluted liquid alum results in better coagulation and settling. This is reportedly due to prevention of hydrolysis of the alum. 

No particular industrial hazards are encountered in handling liquid alum. However, a face shield and gloves should be worn around leaking equipment. The eyes or skin should be flushed and washed upon contact with liquid alum. Liquid alum becomes very sick upon evaporation and therefore spillage should be avoided. Storage tanks may be open if indoors but must be closed and vented if outdoors. Outdoor tanks should also be heated, if necessary, to keep the temperature above 450F to prevent crystallization. Storage tanks should be constructed of type 316 stainless steel, FRP, steel lined with rubber, polyvinyl chloride, or lead. Liquid alum can be stored indefinitely without deterioration. 

Liquid Aluminum Sulfate (Viscosity of aqueous solutions of liquid alum [Al2(S04)2 14.3 H2O] at different temperatures), go to the following web site http //WWW. ecoservices. us. rhodia. com/alum. asp. 

Determine the amount of liquid alum required to precipitate phosphorus in a wastewater that contains 8 mg P/L. Also determine the required alum storage capacity if a 30-d supply is to be stored at the... 

Determine the weight of aluminum (Al) available per liter of liquid alum. The weight of alum... 

ALUMEN - is known to all, and signifies Mercury, because it dissolves. It is the best of all crystals. Its species are various, of which some are called technically Jamenum, Roccum, Scissum, Rotundum, Zacharinum, Debelgamo, Genoese Nitre, Alum from the mines, Fusible Alum, Scaly Alum, Liquid Alum, Preserved Alum, Common Alum, Alum Placodes, Burnt Alum, Sodden Alum, Rock-Alum, and Native Alum. 

Grey liquid Alum from the same place. 

Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate [7784-31 -8]y Al2(S0 2 I8H2O, and its aqueous solutions are used primarily in the paper (qv) industry for sizing and as a flocculating agent in water (qv) and wastewater treatment. This material is often called papermakers alum or alum. Because this salt is precipitated from aqueous solution, aluminum sulfate hydrate [17927-65-0] Al2(SO 7/H2O, can have variable composition and is sometimes referred to as cake alum or patent alum. The solid commercial hydrate, generally written as the 18-hydrate, is typically dehydrated to correspond to from 17.0 —17.5% Al O where n = 13 14 (1,2). This dehydrated form is called dry alum, ground or lump. Aluminum sulfate solutions are typically 7.5—8.5% Al O and are known as liquid alum. 

The pulp and paper industry and potable and wastewater treatment industry are the principal markets for aluminum sulfate. Over half of the U.S. aluminum sulfate produced is employed by the pulp and paper industry. About 37% is used to precipitate and fix rosin si2e on paper fibers, set dyes, and control slurry pH. Another 16% is utilized to clarify process waters. The alum sold for these purposes is usually liquid alum. It is frequendy acidic as a result of a slight excess of H2SO4. Aluminum sulfate consumption by the pulp and paper industry is projected to remain constant or decline slighdy in the near term because of more efficient use of the alum and an increased use of alkaline sizing processes (13). 

However, the more the aluminium species that is added to these products, normally in the form of liquid alum, or polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the lower the active rosin content, so transportation costs increase, relative to active product. From this point of view, the most effective products are the higher active rosin content, type 1, or type 2 products. 

Liquid alum Strength decay Control temperature freezing point of 50% solution is about 2°F (-17°C)... 

Liquid alum 40-50% Diluted solution may hydrolyze. Do not store diluted solution with pH more than 3.3. 

Liquid alum can be used as an example. Most liquid alum is delivered as 48 percent strength (specific gravity of 1.33). The density of this solution is therefore 1.33 x 8.34 Ib/gal = 11.1 Ib/gal. This is the weight of 1 gal of 48 percent strength liquid alum. 

Example 8-5 Calculate the liquid alum feed rate in mL/min if Plant flow = 205 gpm... 

Liquid alum sulfate (alum) shall be manufactured from aluminum hydrate (Al(OH) ) and virgin sulfuric acid in a standard digestion process. Alum manufactured from waste products of other processes shall not be accepted. The successful bidder shall submit affidavits indicating compliance with NSF Standard 60 and AWWA Standard B403 (current edition) and with the requirement regarding raw materials specified in this paragraph. The affidavit concerning raw material processes must be submitted annually. 

A 50% solution of aluminium sulphate for use as a coagulant is available in the market under the trade name of Liquid Alum . 

---