Established Practices

Established practice in the treatment field has been to dilute liquid alum prior to application. However, recent studies have shown that feeding undiluted liquid alum results in better coagulation and settling. This is reportedly due to prevention of hydrolysis of the alum. 

Depending on construction and orientation of stress relative to reinforcement, it may not be necessary to provide extensive data on time-dependent stiffness properties since their effects may be small and can frequently be considered by rule of thumb using established practical design approaches. When time dependent strength properties are required, creep and other data are used most effectively. There are many RP products that have had super life spans of many decades. Included are products that have been subjected to different dynamic loads in many different environments from very low temperatures to very high corrosive conditions, etc. An example is aircraft primary structures (10,14,62). 

The main goal of any approximate method is to solve an original (continnons) problem with a prescribed accuracy e > 0 in a finite number of operations. In order to clarify whether it is possible in principle to approximate a solution u of problem (35)-(36) by a solntion j/ , of problem (37) with any prescribed accuracy e > 0 depending on the step h[e), we follow established practice. This is concerned with further comparison of with u x) in the space of grid functions Hh. Let be a value of the function u x) on the grid u>i, so that Hh- The error of... 

Following established practice, at each of the inner nodes 6 we compose a five-point regular cross pattern, whose nodes a = 1,2,... 

Stability of scheme (II) with the third kind boundary conditions can be discovered following established practice either by the method of separation of variables or on account of the maximum principle. 

We do follow established practice in a step-by-step fashion. 1) Reduction of the scheme which interests us to the canonical form. Denoting Vi,j = Vz and Vij+i = % we first rewrite (71) as... 

Collecting inequalities (40) and (41) and taking into account estimate (42) with the value cr = 0.5 incorporated, we proceed to the elimination of z. Following established practice, we arrive at... 

In line with established practice we replace the governing multidimensional equation by the chain of the one-dimensional heat conduction equations... 

Let, for example, u be a solution of problem (5) and t/ = be a solution provided by this or that additive scheme, Hh, where Hh is the set of grid functions. Following established practice, the difference — — wjj, where = Vh u and Vh is a linear operator from the space Hq, into the space Hh u Hq, Uh Hh), needs investigation. To be more specific, we are interested in the possible estimates of the quantity t/l -... 

The implicit minimal residual method can be designed in line with established practice ... 

In light of the previous discussion and contrary to the established practice, we propose the use of the maximum absolute error (6) as the empirical risk to be minimized because it offers the following advantages ... 

Ohmic potential gradients are established practically instantaneously across conductors, certainly within times shorter than the response time of the fastest measuring devices, which is about 1 ns. They are caused by formation of a double layer, the charge of which is located on the opposite faces of the conductor in question. 

For the distillation of a multi-component system in a batch column, the established practice leads to sequential removal of products from lower to higher boiling points. A strategy has been suggested, with a proper analysis, which involves the removal of all the products except the heavies, with subsequent fractionation of the mixture. 

It is evident therefore that the reduction of emissions by action at source can have a significant impact on the size and hence the cost of an end-of-pipe treatment system. On this basis, it should be established practice in industry that no capital expenditure for end-of-pipe treatment should be made until all waste reduction opportunities have been exhausted. This has not often been the case, and many treatment plants have been built that are both larger and more complicated than is necessary. 

This recommended practice summarizes the results of experimental tests and actual data acquired from operating plants to establish practical operating limits for carbon and low alloy steels in hydrogen service at elevated temperatures and pressures. The effects on the resistance of steels to hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure that result from high stress, heat treating, chemical composition, and cladding are discussed. 

Established Practices Codes, standards, regulatory requirements, industry guidelines, recommended practices, and supplier specifications have all developed over the years to embody the collective experience of industry and its stakeholders in the safe handling of specific materials. These should be the engineer s first resource in seeking to design a new facility. 

Design and build a robust and well-protected primary containment system following codes, standards, regulations, and other established practices (Security). 

TABLE 23-29 Examples of Established Practices Related to Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials... 

The use of inorganic additives as extenders in thermoplastic polymers is a long established practice. In recent years, the role of such additives has changed from that of cost-reducing fillers to property enhancing reinforcing agents. This conversion has come about as a result of the comp tibilization of the additive with the thermoplastic polymer, by interaction at the polymer-filler interface. 

D5mamic models create a framework to integrate the knowledge bases that exist within a pharmaceutical firm s functional divisions for the purposes of evaluating an NCE s potential. The approach establishes practical boundaries on the realm of possible outcomes from a commercial assessment, providing a solid foundation for reasonability checks of the financial potential for an NCE. As... 

Considerable inertia in established practices can be observed everywhere, a tediousness and resistance to change, against which the substitution of hazardous substances has to struggle. Although in many cases the problems of hazardous substances are evident to a large extent, and although substitutes are available, indeed available for many areas of application, the substitution process is not progressing. The substitution of asbestos was a typically extremely tedious process (cf chapter 2.2). 

---