Rosin-activation

Organic acid. Rosin activated, rosin mildly activated, respectively N/A - Not Applicable. 

Military specifications in the past have required the use of rosin-based fluxes. These were defined as pure rosin (R), rosin mildly activated (RMA), rosin activated (RA), and rosin super-activated (RSA), based upon the level of halide activators they contained. Typically only R or RMA fluxes were approved for high-reliability military applications. 

A flux classification system for rosin fluxes that has been in use for many years defines the use of additives to a rosin base to increase the flux activity. Some applications require stronger fluxing action than is provided by rosin alone. Therefore, compositions with an increased activity have been formulated. The system consists of the designations R, RA, and RMA for rosin, activated... 

Src tyrosine kinase contains both an SH2 and an SH3 domain linked to a tyrosine kinase unit with a structure similar to other protein kinases. The phosphorylated form of the kinase is inactivated by binding of a phosphoty-rosine in the C-terminal tail to its own SH2 domain. In addition the linker region between the SH2 domain and the kinase is bound in a polyproline II conformation to the SH3 domain. These interactions lock regions of the active site into a nonproductive conformation. Dephosphorylation or mutation of the C-terminal tyrosine abolishes this autoinactivation. 

The concentration of Li+ in the thyroid is three to four times that in serum [179]. It is thought that Li+ may be concentrated in the thyroid gland by a mechanism similar to the incorporation of iodide, I-, resulting in competition between Li+ and I the levels of intracellular 1 decrease when those of Li+ increase, and vice versa [182]. Li+ inhibits both the ability of the gland to accumulate 1 and the release of iodine from the gland. In vitro, Li+ has no effect on thyroid peroxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the incorporation of I" into tyrosyl residues leading to thyroidal hormone synthesis, but does increase the activity of iodotyrosine-deio-dinase, which catalyzes the reductive deiodination of iodotyrosyls, thus maintaining the levels of intracellular I [182]. The increase in iodoty-rosine-deiodinase activity is probably a response to the Li+-induced decrease in the concentration of thyroidal I". Li+ has no effect on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. The overall effect of this competition between Li+ and 1 is, therefore, reduced levels of thyroid hormone in the presence of Li+. 

The available agents with antithyroid activity are the thioamides propylthiouracil, carbimazole and methimazole also known as thiamazole. Their thio-carbamide group is indispensable for antithyroid activity. The mechanism of action is complex. The most important action is the prevention of hormone synthesis by an inhibition of the thyroid peroxidase-catalyzed reactions involved in iodine organification. These agents also block the coupling of the iodoty-rosines. 

Nobel was granted Engl patent for use as absorbent for NG mixts of combustibles (woodmeal, charcoal, rosin, starch) with oxidizers (K or Na nitrates) (Vol 5 of Encycl, p D1588-L). The resulting expls are now known as Dynamites With Active Base... 

The receptors for cytokines and interferons are the starting point for signal transduction chains that bring about an activation of transcription factors. The signaling pathway involves the Janus protein kinase and Stat transcription factors (see 11.1.4). Phosphoty-rosine-SH2 interactions are also involved in several steps of signal transduction here. 

Schallmoser, K., Rosin, C., Vormittag, R., et al. (2006), Specificities of platelet autoantibodies and platelet activation in lupus anticoagulant patients A relation to their history of thromboembolic disease, Lupus, 15(8), 507-514. 

Rosin has also been used in some industrial expls either as a fuel or as a binder (when dissolved in alcohol or other solvent). Examples of using rosin in expls are given by Davis (Ref 3. pp333, 334, 336, 350 360). They include Dynamite with Active Base of Nobel (1869) ... 

Ba nitrate 70, NG 20 rosin 10% Dynamite with Active Base of Nobel (1873) - same as above but paraffin, wax or ozokerite is incorporated to render the mixt nonhygroscopic (Ref 3, p333) Pyrodialythe - K chlorate 85 rosin 15% mixed with 2 parts of alcohol, followed by drying Silesia No 4 - K chlorate 80 rosin 20% Silesia IV 22 - K chlorate 70,... 

Dynamit (Dynamite), Dynamites with active bases, now called Straight Dynamites and which correspond to present formulations, were first prepd by A. Nobel in 1869, Nobel coated the particles of a mixt of oxidizers (K, Na or amm nitrate) and solid combustibles (such as woodmeal, charcoal, rosin, starch or sugar) with NG. The patent suggested a mixt of Ba nitrate 70, rosin or charcoal 10, and NG 20%. Sulfur could be either added or omitted... 

Psammaplysins appear to be biogenetically derived from dibromoty-rosine through an intermediate containing an arene oxide and oxime (329). Ianthelline (396) was isolated from the sponge Ianthella ardis collected in the Bahamas and possessed antimicrobial activity (330). 

Dynamite, according to ft Champion and ft Pellet, may be divided into. a, dynamite with an inert absorbent (infusorial earth, ashes, tripoli, etp.), and 5, dynamite with an active absorbent. In the latter variety rosin, finely-powdered coal, or saltpetre are used as absorbents. To this class belong dualin, lithofracteur, etc. 

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