Solid commercialism

Salts are colorless, white, or pale-yellow hygroscopic crystalline solids. Commercial grade material is a dark red solution. This material is hazardous through inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion, and produces local skin/eye impacts. 

Membrane gas-separation systems have found their first applications in the recovery of organics from process vents and effluent air [5]. More than a hundred systems have been installed in the past few years. The technique itself therefore has a solid commercial background. Membranes are assembled typically in spiral-wound modules, as shown in Fig. 7.3. Sheets of membrane interlayered with spacers are wound around a perforated central pipe. The gas mixture to be processed is fed into the annulus between the module housing and the pipe, which becomes a collector for the permeate. The spacers serve to create channels for the gas flow. The membranes separate the feed side from the permeate side. 

Summary 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol is prepared by the action of 70% nitric acid on resorcinol diacetate. Some urea is added in-order to control the nitration and ensure no by-product nitrosation takes place. After the addition of the 70% nitric acid, the intermediate produced is treated with 90% nitric acid yielding the 4,6-dinitroresorcinol as a golden yellow solid. Commercial Industrial note For related, or similar information, see Application No. 001,243, January 7,1987, by SRI International, to Robert J. Schmitt, (Mountain View, CA, David S. Ross, Palo Alto, CA, James F. Wolfe, Palo Alto, CA. Part or parts of this laboratory process may be protected by international, and/or commercial/industrial processes. Before using this process to legally manufacture the mentioned explosive, with intent to sell, consult any protected commercial or industrial processes related to, similar to, or additional to, the process discussed in this procedure. This process may be used to legally prepare the mentioned explosive for laboratory, educational, or research purposes. 

Ammonium carbonates.4—The normal carbonate, (NH4)2C03,H20, is produced by the action of ammonia on the solid commercial carbonate (p. 239) or its aqueous solution, and also by a similar process from ammonium carbamate.5 On account of its insolubility in concentrated ammonia solution, the salt crystallizes out. It can also be prepared by dry distillation of the commercial product, or by crystallization from a solution in dilute alcohol.5 It is also produced by heating barium or strontium carbonate with ammonium chloride or nitrate,6 and is stated to be formed by heating a mixture of nitric oxide and acetylene in presence of spongy platinum.7... 

The dodecahydrate,x 2FeCl3.12H20, is obtained as deliquescent crystals by treating solid commercial ferric chloride with a current of hydrogen chloride, filtering the resulting liquid, and concentrating over potash in vacuo.2... 

Solid Polymer. Completely dry polyacrylamide is a brittle white solid. Commercially available dry polyacrylamide powders are typically dried under mild conditions and usually contain 5 —15% water. The powders are hygroscopic, and generally become increasingly hygroscopic as the ionic character of the polymer increases. Cationic polymers are particularly hygroscopic. 

Conventional tensile test with extensometry on standard cylindrical test specimens, for solid commercial steel and tantalum,... 

Form Supplied in colorless crystalline solid commercially available in either enantiomeric form. 

Form Supplied in white crystalline solid commercially available. 

Form Supplied in white crystalline solid commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity H NMR, C NMR, IR, GCMS, chiral HPLC. 

Form Supplied in (1) white solid commercially available. Preparative Methods excess DMSO containing Copper(II) Chloride (or another copper catalyst) is treated with Chloramine-T trihydrate. (1) is obtained in 90% yield after aqueous EDTA workup and recrystallization from ethanol.The other A-tosylsulfoximines can be prepared by the tosylation of N-H sul-foximines with p-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride in the presence of base, but the two most useful and general methods are the oxidation of Af-tosylsulfilimines with basic Hydrogen Peroxide, ... 

Form Supplied in white solid commercially available typical impurities include the disproportionation products IpcB(OMe)2 and B(OMe)3. 

Form Supplied in crystalline white solid commercially available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions hygroscopic. 

Shortening is a classic example of a plastic solid. In fact, from a process view, shortening can be defined as a highly functional plastic solid commercially... 

CHROMIUM CHLORIDE or CHROMIUM(III) CHLORIDE (10025-73-7) ClsCr Noncombustible solid. Commercial product is a solution. Violent reaction with lithium, nitrogen strong oxidizers. Reacts with water. Contact with strong acids or acid fumes may produce highly toxic chloride fumes. May attack austenitic stainless steels causing pitting attack and stress corrosion. 

DIBROMIDE or 1,1 -ETHYLENE-2,2 -DIPYRIDYLIUMDIBROMIDE (85-00-7) CijHijNj Noncombustible solid. Commercial product is a water emulsifiable liquid. Reacts with strong oxidizers, bromine pentafluoride, oxygen difluoride. The substance is light sensitive and decomposes... 

FENCHLOROPHOS or FEN-CHLORPHOS (299-84-3) CjHaCLOjPS (CH30)2PS0CjH2C1j Noncombustible solid. Commercial liquid formulations may contain flammable organic carrier solvents. Tenqwratures above 300°F/149°C may cause explosive decomposition and release of toxic HCl, phosphorus oxides, sulfur oxides. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Incompatible with antimony(V) pentafluoride, lead diacetate, magnesium, silver nitrate. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

Depending upon use and stability, commercial enzymes are marketed as liquid or solid preparations. It was found that the enzyme could be recovered as a solid product by the conventional method of alcohol precipitation employed for other solid commercial enzyme products. The most efficient process was found to be evaporation of the clear filtrate to one-third original volume, adjustment of pH to 3.2 by addition of hydrochloric acid, and addition of 3.5 volumes of cold special denatured alcohol, formula 35A. The precipitate was allowed to settle, clear supernatant decanted, the precipitate washed with an equal volume of alcohol, and filtered in a filter press. The solid was washed in the press with anhydrous alcohol, blown with dry air, and finally dried in a vacuum oven at 36°C. 

Sodium hydroxide (SO-dee-um hye-DROK-side) is a white deliquescent solid commercially available as sticks, pellets, lumps, chips, or flakes. A deliquescent material is one that absorbs moisture from the air. Sodium hydroxide also reacts readily with carbon dioxide in the air to form sodium carbonate. Sodium hydroxide is the most important commercial caustic. A caustic material is a strongly basic or alkaline material that irritates or corrodes living tissue. The compound ranked number n among chemicals produced in the United States in 2004. 

Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate [7784-31 -8]y Al2(S0 2 I8H2O, and its aqueous solutions are used primarily in the paper (qv) industry for sizing and as a flocculating agent in water (qv) and wastewater treatment. This material is often called papermakers alum or alum. Because this salt is precipitated from aqueous solution, aluminum sulfate hydrate [17927-65-0] Al2(SO 7/H2O, can have variable composition and is sometimes referred to as cake alum or patent alum. The solid commercial hydrate, generally written as the 18-hydrate, is typically dehydrated to correspond to from 17.0 —17.5% Al O where n = 13 14 (1,2). This dehydrated form is called dry alum, ground or lump. Aluminum sulfate solutions are typically 7.5—8.5% Al O and are known as liquid alum. 

Form Supplied in black solid commercially available. Preparative Method prepared by the addition of sodium acetate to a hot methanolic solution of dibenzylideneacetone (dba) and Na2[Pd2Cl6] (from Palladium(II) Chloride and NaCl), cooling, filtering, washing with MeOH, and air drying, gives Pd(dba)2 which is formulated more correctly as [Pd2(dba)3]-dba. Alternatively, palladium(II) chloride, sodium acetate, and dba can be added to a 40 °C methanolic solution, cooled, filtered, and washed copiously with H2O and acetone, in succession, and dried in vacuo. 

Form Supplied in purple solid commercially available. 

Form Supplied in dark purple to black solid commercially available. 

Form Supplied in colorless solid commercially available. Preparative Method prepared by heating 4-pyridone with HMPA at 220 °C, or from a number of 4-substituted (Cl, OPh, SO3H, OSiMe3) pyridines by heating with DMA. Prepared commercially from the 4-pyridylpyridinium salt (obtained from pyridine and SOCI2) by heating with DMF at 155 °C. Purification can be recrystalhzed from EtOAc. 

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