Polyaluminium chloride

Tang, W., et al. (1997). Study on coagulate mechanism of polyaluminium chloride. J. Nanjing Univ. Science Technol. 21, 4, 325-328. 

In the treatment of river water Mietton Peuchot and Ben Aim [68] use polyaluminium chloride as flocculant, raising the flux of Membralox 0.2 pm membranes from 200 towards 800 1/m h. 

Aluminium species (alum, polyaluminium chloride, polyaluminium silica sulphate, etc.) used for charge control, pH control, as sizing mordants, broke treatment. Synthetic coagulants, fixatives (polyamines, polydadmacs, polyethyleneimines polyvinylamines) used for charge control, as sizing mordants, broke treatment, stickies treatment. 

However, the more the aluminium species that is added to these products, normally in the form of liquid alum, or polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the lower the active rosin content, so transportation costs increase, relative to active product. From this point of view, the most effective products are the higher active rosin content, type 1, or type 2 products. 

UF and MF membranes alone do not remove total organic carbon (TOC) and tri-halomethane (THM) precursors [13]. Hence, pre-treatment entails addition of chemicals such as coagulants (FeCl3 or FeS04), alum or polyaluminium chloride to increase the size of suspended solids and colloidal particles and thus prevent or minimise colloidal, organic, and/or biological fouling. In the case of seawater desalination, membrane filtration has proven to be superior to multimedia filtration [14,15]. 

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