Aluminum hydration

Available Forms. Phthalocyanines are available as powders, in paste, or Hquid forms. They can be dispersed in various media suitable for aqueous, nonaqueous, or multipurpose systems, eg, polyethylene, polyamide, or nitrocellulose. Inert materials like clay, barium sulfate, calcium carbonates, or aluminum hydrate are the most common soHd extenders. Predispersed concentrates of the pigments, like flushes, are interesting for manufacturers of paints and inks (156), who do not own grinding or dispersing equipment. Pigment—water pastes, ie, presscakes, containing 50—75% weight of water, are also available. 

Lakes are either dry toner pigments that are extended with a soHd diluent, or an organic pigment obtained by precipitation of a water-soluble dye, frequendy a sulfonic acid, by an inorganic cation or an inorganic substrate such as aluminum hydrate. 

Cellulose acetate Silica gel Scoured wool Sawdust Rayon waste Fluorspar Tapioca Breakfast food Asbestos fiber Cotton linters Rayon staple Starch Aluminum hydrate Kaolin Cryolite Lead arsenate Cornstarch Cellulose acetate Dye intermediates Calcium carbonate White lead Lithopone Titanium dioxide Magnesium carbonate Aluminum stearate Zinc stearate Lithopone Zinc yellow Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Soap flakes Soda ash Cornstarch Synthetic rubber... 

Aluminum hydrate 18 C26 Limestone, agricultural, Vh in and under 68 B275... 

Aluminum. . . Aluminum Chloride. Aluminum Chloride. Aluminum Sulfale Aluminum Sulfale Aluminum Hydrate. 

Alumina calcination Aluminum hydrate Particulates and water ... 

The gas pressure may produce a volume expansion, and the heating rate must be carefully controlled in bodies containing a high clay content. Other dehydration reactions producing gas are the dehydration of aluminum hydrates in the range 320-560°C and... 

Although developed as early as 1888 by the Austrian chemist. Karl Josef Bayer, the Bayer process still is used abnost exclusively for the extraction of alumina from ores, The bauxite first is reacted under pressure with hot caustic, which dissolves the ALO3 xH20 to form sodium aluminate, The solution is filtered hot. then cooled and agitated with the addition of a small quantity of aluminum hydrate to enhance the precipitation of the crystalline hydrate. After filtration, the cake is kiln-dried at 1100 °C to remove H20 and yield A1203... 

Alumina trihydrate alumina hydrate alumina hydrated aluminum oxide trihydrate aluminum oxide hydrate aluminum (III) hydroxide hydrated alumina hydrated aluminum oxide3 aluminum hydrate aluminum trihydrate hydrated aluminad... 

Aluminum fluoride is made by heating ammonium hexafluoroaluminate to red heat in a stream of nitrogen by the action of fluorine or hydrogen fluoride gas on aluminum trihydrate at high temperatures, followed by calcining the hydrate formed by fusing cryolite or sodium fluoride with aluminum sulfate or by a reaction of fluosilicic acid on aluminum hydrate (HSDB 1995). 

For the experimental spectrum of transform-end, the result in Figure 15.6 indicates that the polymerization of aluminum hydrate proceeds and that the local structure around Al ions almost transforms from fourfold coordination to sixfold coordination. The contributable ratio of A1 6(H20) model increases more than that for the experimental spectrum of transform-beginning as shown in Table 15.2. 

Colloids are either hydrophilic (water-loving) or hydrophobic (water-hating). Hydrophilic colloids (e.g., proteins, humic substances, bacteria, viruses, as well as iron and aluminum hydrated colloids) tend to hydrate and thereby swell. This increases the viscosity of the system and favors the stability of the colloid by reducing the interparticle interactions and its tendency to settle. These colloids are stabilized more by their affinity for the solvent than by the equalizing of surface charges. Hydrophilic colloids tend to surround the hydrophobic colloids in what is known as the protective-colloid effect, which makes them both more stable. 

In view of the matrix-isolation infrared studies, the theoretical calculations, and those studies of aluminum beam-water reactions, it is of considerable interest to probe the electronic structure of aluminum metal atom hydration reaction intermediates and products Isolated in rare-gas matrices. Such a study will form a useful adjunct to the infrared research. A mapping of the electronic structure of these species will provide a data set to which further theoretical calculations may compare. A more focused elucidation of the nature of the gas-phase aluminum hydration reaction s chemiluminescent continuum emitter may be provided... 

One of the most important developments in the field of hydrometallurgy has been the application of elevated pressures and temperatures to complex sulfide and oxide ores (B21, F8, G8, M5, M6). The pressure-leaching of bauxite ores by the Bayer process (E3) is probably the first successful commercial application of this technique. The bauxite ore is leached with sodium hydroxide solution with a specific gravity of 1.36-1.4 at 160-170°C for 1 2 hr under a working pressure of 100 psig. The alumina is produced by calcining the aluminum hydrate precipitated from the leach liquor. 

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