Caloric restriction

CAO s X, DHABBi J M, MOTE p L and spiNDLER s R (2001) Geuomic profiling of short- and long-term caloric restriction effects in the liver of ageing rats. Proc Natln Acad Sci. 98 10630-35. 

LEE c-K, KLOPP R G, WEINDRUCH R and PROLLA T A (1999) Gene expression profile of aging and its retardation by caloric restriction. Science 285 1390-93. 

TANNENBAUM A (1942) The geuesis of growth of tumours IE Effect of caloric restriction... 

Weight loss, through caloric restriction and increased physical activity, should be encouraged in patients who have a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. Dietary modification is important for risk factor management, and dietary counseling... 

Recyclable materials Combustion residence time Heat treatment Stability of the process Atmospheric emissions Solid wastes from the process Waste from separation Up to 4 s at about 1,200°C Integrated process Without caloric restriction Much less than the legal limits Cement furnaces Waste from separation 2 s up to 850°C Only incineration Minimum CP of 1,400-1,600 kcal/kg Within the legal limits Sanitary landfills... 

Medical nutrition therapy is recommended for all patients. For individuals with type 1 DM, the focus is on regulating insulin administration with a balanced diet to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. A meal plan that is moderate in carbohydrates and low in saturated fat, with a focus on balanced meals is recommended. In addition, patients with type 2 DM often require caloric restriction to promote weight loss. Bedtime and between-meal snacks are not usually needed if pharmacologic management is appropriate. 

First-line therapy includes nutritional and exercise interventions for all women, and caloric restrictions for obese women. If nutritional intervention fails to achieve fasting plasma glucose levels less than or equal to 105 mg/dL, 1-hour post-prandial plasma glucose concentrations less than or equal to 155 mg/dL, or 2-hour postprandial levels less than or equal to 130 mg/dL, then therapy with recombinant human insulin should be instituted glyburide may be considered after 11 weeks of gestation. 

The enhancement of behavior modification, caloric restriction, and exercise by fenfluramine plus phentermine versus placebo. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 51 (5), 586-594. 

L. Demetrius, Caloric restriction, metabolic rate, and entropy. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Set Med. Set 59(9), B902 B915 (2004). 

Mutter LC, Blanke RV, Jandacek RJ, et al. 1988. Reduction in the body content of DDE in the Mongolian gerbil treated with sucrose polyester and caloric restriction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 92(3) 428-435. 

Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans. Nature 430 686-689. 

Treatment. Caloric restriction to restore body weight to normal is associated with an increase in insulin receptor number or cellular responsiveness. The releasable amount of insulin is again adequate to maintain a normal metabolic rate. 

Diet/Exercise In initiating treatment for type 2 diabetes, emphasize diet as the primary form of treatment. Caloric restriction and weight loss are essential in the obese diabetic patient. Also, stress the importance of regular physical activity and aid the patient in identifying cardiovascular risk factors and taking corrective measures where possible. 

Exogenous obesity As a short-term (8 to 12 weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction. Measure the limited usefulness of these agents against their inherent risks. 

A speculation on how carnosine and caloric restriction may modulate ageing... 

Anderson, R. M., Barger, J. L., Edwards, M. G., Braun, K. H., O Conner, C. E., Prolla, T. A., and Weindruch, R. (2008). Dynamic regulation of PGC-lalpha localization and turnover implicates mitochondrial adaptation in caloric restriction and the stress response. Aging Cell 7,101-111. 

Bergamini, E., Cavallini, G., Donati, A., and Gori, Z. (2007). The role of autophagy in aging. Its essential part in the anti-aging mechanism of caloric restriction. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1114, 69-78. 

Lin, S. J., Defossez, P. A., and Guarente, L. (2000). Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by caloric restriction in Saccharomyces cereuisiae. Science 289,2126-2128. 

Mager, D. E., Wan, R., Brown, M., Cheng, A., Wareski, P., Abernethy, D. R., and Mattson, M. P. (2006). Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting alter spectral measures of heart rate and blood pressure variability in rats. FASEB J. 20, 631-637. 

Mattson, M. P. and Wan, R. (2005). Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.. Nutr. Biochem. 16, 129-137. 

Villareal, D. T., Fontana, L., Weiss, E. P., Racette, S. B., Steger-May, K., Schechtman, K. B., Klein, S., and Holloszy, J. O. (2006). Bone mineral density response to caloric restriction-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss A randomized controlled trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 166, 2502-2510. 

McShane TM, Wise PM (1996) Life-long moderate caloric restriction prolongs reproductive life span in rats without interrupting estrous cyclicity effects on the gonadotropinreleasing hormone luteinizing hormone axis. Biol Reprod 54 70-75... 

Weight reduction requires strict adherence to caloric restriction... 

Weight reduction is facilitated by adherence to caloric restriction and exercise... 

Caloric restriction, weight loss, and exercise are essential adjuvant therapy... 

General recommendations include limiting total calories from fat to 20-25% of daily intake, saturated fats to less than 8%, and cholesterol to less than 200 mg/d. Reductions in serum cholesterol range from 10% to 20% on this regimen. Use of complex carbohydrates and fiber is recommended, and c/s-monounsaturated fats should predominate. Weight reduction, caloric restriction, and avoidance of alcohol are especially important for patients with elevated VLDL and IDL. 

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