Liliaceae

Using an infrared gas analyzer, Nuernbergk (1961) showed dark CO2 fixation in Cattleya labiata (Fig. 1.19), Encyclia atropurpurea, Epidendrum schomburgkii, and Schomburgkia crispa. 

Knautt and Arditti (1969) using a cultivar of Cattleya measured C02 fixation into organic acids and Milburn et al. (1968) demonstrated CAM in Epidendrum radicans by diurnal fluctuations of organic acids. 

The Liliaceae are a large family of about 240 genera and 4000 species (Lawrence, 1955) widely distributed over the earth but especially abundant in warm, temperate, and tropical regions. 

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LUlengewkchae, n.pl. (Bot.) Liliaceae. Lima-bohne,/. Lima bean, -holz, n. Lima wood (a dyewood). 

To date, 152 species of flowering plants belonging to 46 different families, as well as a few species of mushrooms, mosses, ferns, and lichens, have been screened. Extracts from 20 seed plants have shown enough inhibitory activity to warrant further study. Leaf extracts of members of three families, Liliaceae, Pinaceae, and Labiateae, show a high incidence of antiviral agents. Several members of the Capri-foliaceae, on the other hand, contain virus-stimulating agents. 

Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, the lower homolog of proline, has been isolated from Convallaria majalis (lily of the valley) 40,44), Polygonatum officinalis (Solomon s seal) 153), and Polygonatum multiflorum 45). Fowden and Steward 47) surveyed plants from 56 genera for nitrogenous compounds and found azetidine-2 -carboxylic acid to be restricted to members of the Liliaceae. In some species it was identified in leaf, stem, and root but was more commonly found in the seed. In Polygonatum, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid accounted for 75% or more of the total nonprotein nitrogen in the rhizome 45). There was no evidence that it occurred as a constituent of protein. 

Some members of the Liliaceae accumulate free azetidine-2-carboxylic acid in a much higher concentration than that found to be lethal to mung bean seedlings, but it is not incorporated into their proteins. Fowden (43) postulated that these plants either had a proline-incorporating system which was more specific than that found in other species, or some subcellular mechanism operated to prevent the homolog from reaching the sites involved in protein synthesis. Data which supported the first suggestion were subsequently obtained (116). 

Gaff, D.F. Churchill, D.M. (1976). Borya nitida Labill. - an Australian species in the Liliaceae with desiccation-tolerant leaves. Australian Journal of Botany, 24, 209-24. 

Veratridine is a complex lipophilic alkaloid that also binds to sodium channels, causing them to stay open and thereby disrupting the transmission of nerve action potential. It is found in the seeds of a member of the Liliaceae, Schoenocaulon... 

Cutler, D. F., Brandham, P. E., Carter, S. and Harris, S. J. 1980. Morphological, anatomical, cytological and biochemical aspects of evolution in East African shrubby species of Aloe L. (Liliaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 80 293-317. 

Males et al. [103] used aqueous mobile phase with formic acid for the separation of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the extract of Sambuci flos. In a cited paper, authors listed ten mobile phases with addition of acids used by other investigators for chromatography of polyphenolic material. For micropreparative separation and isolation of antraquinone derivatives (aloine and aloeemodine) from the hardened sap of aloe (Liliaceae family), Wawrzynowicz et al. used 0.5-mm silica precoated plates and isopropanol-methanol-acetic acid as the mobile phase [104]. The addition of small amounts of acid to the mobile phase suppressed the dissociation of acidic groups (phenolic, carboxylic) and thus prevented band diffusions. 

Bell, L. A. (1983), Papyrus, Tapa, Amate and Rice Paper, Liliacea, McMinnville. 

Savolainen et ak proposed a division of the angiosperms into two major groups the eudicots (particularly asterids and rosids) and the noneudicots (monocots and Laurales, Magnoliales, Piperales, Ceratophyllales, Amborellaceae, Nymphaceae, Liliaceae). ACS isozymes used in the analysis are presented in the order proposed by molecular systematicians. 

The tropolone alkaloid of Liliaceae species, colchicine, is transformed by acetylation, alkaline cyclization, and dehydration into the tetracyclic pyrrolotropone acetyl anhydrocolchicine [77TL2977 83AX(C)1709]. When the dicarboxylic acid anhydride groups of puberulonic and stipitatonic acids (metabolites of Penicillium species) condense with o-phenylenediamine, another tetracyclic pyrrolotropone structure is formed (51JCS1139 59JCS2847). 

Saponins occur in Liliaceae such as asparagus, in legumes, spinach, and yams. They are triterpenoid glycosides with soap-like properties. Many are glycosides of steroid alcohols, and all have a bitter taste. Two types are... 

Steroid alkaloids Solanaceae Liliaceae Solanum tuberosum Lycopersicon esculentum Veratrum album Solanidine Tomatine Jervine Cyclop amine Cycloposine Protoveratrine A Protoveratrine B... 

The Lily botanical family (Liliaceae Adans., Juss.) (Table 14) is spread worldwide and contains more than 200 genera and around 3500 species. Some genera of this family produce L-tyrosine-derived alkaloids. The genus Kreysigia yields autumnaline, floramultine and kreysigine. 

Quinones anthraouinones Mar. Bact. Schumaker 1995,Echin. and other marine invertebr. Chang 1998 Land Liliaceae, Ang., especially in tropical and temperate/f/oe spp., and dimeric in Caesalpiniaceae, especially Cassia spp. from arid tropics AY Cassia spp. are cultivated in India and Egypt for danthron as a laxative phenanthropervleneouinones Mar. living-fossil and fossil crinoids, Echin. (likely polyket.) Land Hypericum, Theales, Ang. Pietra 1995). 

Smilax aristolochiaefolia Mill., Liliaceae, Ang. frtan Mexico... 

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