Dicarboxylic acid anhydride

Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1-methyl-decarboxylation, 5, 435 Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid anhydride synthesis, 5, 435... 

C[5H240 104-40-5) see Nonoxinol 9 iiurbornane-2fj Oj3ejro-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (CyH,(,0 14166-28-0) see Tandospirone norborn-5-cne 2 ji o 3e.ro>dicarboxylic acid anhydride (CyH 0 2746-19-2) see Tandospirone L-norephedrine... 

Branched polyesters contain oxalkylated primary fatty amines or oxalkyl-ated polyamines together with at least trivalent oxalkylated alkanol that is responsible for branching. The condensation is achieved with a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid anhydride [216]. In this way, branched polyoxyalkylene mixed polyesters are formed. Suitable solvents are water or organic solvents, such as methanol, isopropanol, butanol, or aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene, xylene). 

R. A. Grey. Process for preparing alternating copolymers of olefini-cally unsaturated sulfonate salts and unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides. Patent US 5210163, 1993. 

Another approach to improve the color formation properties of Malachite Green lactone has been the introduction of nitrogen atoms into the phthalide ring. Thus, condensation of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride with dimethylaniline in the presence of zinc chloride has been shown54 to yield a mixture of the 4- and 7-azaphthalides 11 and 12. 

Stepwise addition of the aniline moieties in analogy to Scheme 7 (Route A) allows the preparation of asymmetrically substituted derivatives.55,56 The use of pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride similarly results in the formation of mixtures of 5- and 6-azaphthalides.57 Quinoline-2,3-dicarbo-xylic anhydride has also been converted into the corresponding azaphthal-ides in a similar manner.58 Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride yields... 

Heating pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride with l-ethyl-2-methylindole has been claimed to yield solely the pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, albeit in low yield. This then clearly reacts with Af,A/-diethyl-3-toluidine in acetic anhydride to give the 7-azaphthalide. This is surprising in view of a later report70 in which a one-pot process has been described. Heating pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, prepared in situ, with the indole and subsequent reaction with 3-/V,/V-diethylamino-phenetol under identical conditions to those used in Scheme 8 (but without intermediate isolations) produced a 20 1 mixture of the 4- and 7-azaisomers 16 and 17. It appears that in the previous report the major intermediate isomer, the pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, has not been isolated. 

Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride has also been shown69 to react according to Scheme 8, yielding 4,7-diazaphthalides very similar in... 

Pyrrole is one of the most prominent heterocycles, having been known for more than 150 years, and it is the structural skeleton of several natural products, synthetic pharmaceuticals, and electrically conducting materials. A simple access to the pyrrole ring system involves the conversion of cyclic anhydrides into five-membered imides. Mortoni and coworkers have described the conversion of 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride to a quinoline-3,4-dicarboximide library by treatment of the anhydride with a diverse set of primary amines under microwave conditions (Scheme 6.180) [341]. The authors studied a range of different conditions, including dry media protocols (see Section 4.1) whereby the starting materials were adsorbed onto an inorganic support and then irradiated with microwaves. For the transforma-... 

Evans, P.D. (1998). Weather resistance of wood esterified with dicarboxylic acid anhydrides. Holz als Roh- und Werkstojf, 56(5), 294. 

Matsnda, H. and Ueda, M. (1985d). Preparation and ntiUsation of esterified woods bearing carboxyl gronps. VI. Stepwise alternately adding esterification reaction of esterified woods with epoxides and dicarboxylic acid anhydrides. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 31(6), 468-474. 

The unlikely molecule in Figure 20—1 is a cyclic anhydride known by several names 2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride cis-butene-dioic acid anhydride maleic anhydride (MA) and when youVe been in the business a long time, maleic. ... 

Jang and McDow (1997) studied the photodegradation of benzo[a]anthracene in the presence of three common constituents of atmospheric aerosols reported to accelerate benzo [a] anthracene, namely 9,10-anthroquinone, 9-xanthone, and vanillin. The photo-degradation experiments were conducted using a photochemical reactor equipped with a 450-W medium pressure mercury arc lamp and a water bath to maintain the solution temperature at 16 °C. The concentration of benzo [a] anthracene and co-solutes was 10" M. Irradiation experiments were conducted in toluene, benzene, and benzene-c/e- Products identified by GC/MS, FTIR, and NMR included benzo[a]an-thracene-7,12-dione, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 1,2-benzenedicarboxaldehyde, naphtha-lene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid/anhydride, 7,12-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene, 10-benzyl-10-hydroan-thracen-9-one, benzyl alcohol, and 1,2-diphenylethanol. 

Naphthalene dialdehyde, see Acenaphthylene Naphthalene-l,8-dicarboxylic acid, see Acenaphthene Naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid/anhydride, see... 

Oligoester Reaction product of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol, and 4-methy1-1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid anhydride MW 830 f = 4 r - 0.75. 

The tropolone alkaloid of Liliaceae species, colchicine, is transformed by acetylation, alkaline cyclization, and dehydration into the tetracyclic pyrrolotropone acetyl anhydrocolchicine [77TL2977 83AX(C)1709]. When the dicarboxylic acid anhydride groups of puberulonic and stipitatonic acids (metabolites of Penicillium species) condense with o-phenylenediamine, another tetracyclic pyrrolotropone structure is formed (51JCS1139 59JCS2847). 

The replacement of ring C by a cyclic anhydride ring could be looked upon either as elimination of ring C or replacement of the ring by a heterocyclic anhydride ring. In any case, Fields et al. showed that quinolizinium 2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (37) underwent cycloaddition reactions with either cyclopentadiene or styrene to alFord the expected products (e.g., 38). The 2,3-dimethylquinolizinium ion did not undergo cycloaddition even with the more reactive ketene diethylacetal. 

Procedure for ASD of a cyclic meio-anhydride using (DHQD)jAQN as catalyst ASD of cis-cyclopentane-l,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride [208-210]... 

Amino-,3-amino-9-methyl-, and 3-amino-9-(2-cyanoethyl)carba-zoles and significantly 3-nitro-, 3-formyl-9-(2-cyanoethyl)-, - and 3-formyl-9-alkylcarbazoles reportedly undergo a double acylation with phthalic anhydride giving the quinones 176. Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride brought about the 3-monoaroylation of 9-ethylcarbazole attack at both of the pyridine carbonyl groups was observed. 

A very successful approach to the preparation of starch-based emulsion stabilizers has been the development of polysaccharide derivatives of substituted dicarboxylic acids by Caldwell and Wurzburg (4). The invention involves the treatment of starch with substituted cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides having the following structural formula ... 

Figure 1.13 Functional Monomers Used for Monolith Grafting 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (I), 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (II), and N-Phenyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]5-heptene-2,3-dicarboximide (III)...

Friedel-Crafts Acylation, The Friedel-Crafts acylation procedure is the most important method for preparing aromatic ketones and their derivatives. Acetyl chloride (acetic anhydride) reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum chloride or acid catalysts to produce acetophenone [98-86-2], CgHgO (1-phenylethanone). Benzene can also be condensed with dicarboxylic acid anhydrides to yield benzoyl derivatives of carboxylic acids. These benzoyl derivatives are often used for constructing polycyclic molecules (Haworth reaction). For example, benzene reacts with succinic anhydride in the presence of aluminum chloride to produce p-benzoylpropionic acid [2051-95-8] which is converted into a-tetralone [529-34-0] (30). 

Pyrazino[2,3-d]pyridazine-5,8-dione (420) can be prepared from pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (419). Condensation of hydrazine with ethyl 5-acylpyridazine-4-carboxylates (421) gives pyridazino[4,5-d]pyridazin-l(2//)-ones (422) (79M365). 

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