Leisure health

Embedded lead users not only share their information actively, but also are contacted by R D frequently. In many cases I find that developers draw on internal users rather than externals, as they are easier accessible (LeisureS Healths). Adjusted specification, ideas, and prototypes can be discussed with users directly inside the boundaries of the firm. Cutting out external users in some stages of the innovation process speeds up these phases and involves frequent information seeking by R D, tapping the knowledge of embedded lead users ... 

Nonwovens are used almost everywhere, in agriculture, construction, military, clothing, home furnishing, travel and leisure, health care, personal care and household applications. Of these many applications that continue to grow, more than two-thirds of them are disposables, mostly of single-use type. 

Medical and health-care related appHcations consume about 21,000 t of polycarbonate aimuaHy. Polycarbonate is popular because of its clarity, impact strength, and low level of extractable impurities. Special grades have been developed to maintain clarity and resistance to yeHowing upon gamma radiation sterilization (qv) processes. Leisure and safety appHcations are many and varied, accounting for about 22,000 t of consumption aimuaHy. The... 

Cost-benefit analysis uses monetary valuations of the morbidity and mortality consequences of diseases or interventions. This allows estimation of the absolute and relative net social benefit of intervention, calculated as the monetary value of the consequences of an intervention minus the direct costs. Any health or social care intervention with a net social benefit greater than zero (i.e. the benefits are greater than the costs) is worth undertaking. Two approaches have typically been used to value outcomes in monetary values. The first is the human capital approach, where the monetary value of benefit represents the value of changes in the amount or type of work done or use of leisure time as... 

It might be helpful if here I describe something of the UK law on odour about which I shall be speaking later in the Conference. Odour offences are included under the Public Health Act (1936) although a report recently of a Working Party on the Supression of Odour from Offensive and Selective Trades said Farm odours have no known effect on the health of the individual but reactions to these are undoubtedly real and can cause distress and, above all, negation of leisure in the accepted English sense. ... 

Each firm has a list of their most important customers, which they keep track of with great attention. Sellers of jet fuels must be aware of the economic health of the airlines, which depends on the budgets of the business and leisure travelers, which in turn depends on business profits and individual incomes, as well as of accident rates and wars. Sellers of fertilizers must be aware of droughts and locusts in farming regions, and of public opinion on the safety of genetically modified food. 

I have given relatively little textual evidence so far of Marx s tendency to engage in functional explanation, referring the reader to later chapters for examples and details. I now want to consider some instances of functional explanation that do not fall neatly into the later chapters, and which are for that reason treated here. There is, in fact, a set of social phenomena that do not fit into the traditional Marxist categories, such as base or superstructure. They include family life, education, social mobility, leisure activities, the distribution of mental and physical health, crime etc. Modern Marxist sociologists have provided functional explanations for most of these phenomena, almost invariably invalid. Marx himself had relatively little to say about them, since his mind was focussed on... 

Estuarine environments in particular are often sites of intense human and animal activity (e.g. sites of leisure pursuits and breeding grounds for many species of birds) so the level of contamination of intertidal sediments is of particular interest in relation to environmental health. Total concentrations of individual trace elements in UK estuaries, for example, vary widely (Table 2.1), reflecting the natural sediment characteristics (e.g. organic content and surface area), and the level of anthropogenic contamination of individual systems (Bryan Langston, 1992). The order of variability of concentrations of individual elements in Table 2.1 is Sn > As > Cu > Pb > Hg > Ag > Zn > Cd > Se > Cr > Mn > Co > Ni > Fe, which to some extent can be considered as the order of anthropogenic influence. 

Another perspective is that not only becoming at one with the computer for our health is inevitable, but that it was already the case eons ago (in a sense different to the above, but at least showing that a computational universe is far from impossible). Many theoretical physicists who call themselves cos-mologists or information theorists have argued that the universe already is a computer, and we are immersed in its program. That may come as no shock to a generation so immersed in cyberspace, virtual reality, and business and leisure environments like Second Life (a virtual world developed by Linden... 

The real level of health risk needs to be considered and, while there is clearly potential for exposure to chemicals through human interaction with soil, it is important to put such exposure into perspective. People experience an enormous range of chemical exposures in ordinary day-to-day living and ultimately there is no such thing as a no-risk environment. In addition, it is difficult to quantify the health consequences of the aesthetic and social qualities of the environment (e.g. leisure and recreation opportunities) that contamination may affect. 

Playgrounds, residential areas and agricultural sites are considered as sensitive types of land use with regard to human health and the input of metals into the food chain. Therefore, the control values that were established for these types of land use are significantly lower than control values such as for park and leisure areas and for industrial areas. For these pathways, the limits are evaluated in the top soil where soil concentrations may be evaluated directly. 

Miniaturization, nanocomposites, nanotubes, nanopolymers used as vectors for active ingredients, micro-processors and photovoltaic cells based on electrically conducting polymers plastics are each time veetors of news. Sinee their origin, they have constantly revolutionized the way we live, whether it is in terms of comfort, safety, health, communication, transportation, architecture, design, sports or leisure. 

The various properties of PLA and its availabihty mean that numerous projects are currently under way regarding its use in very different apphcations, such as packaging, biomedical applications, agriculture, health, leisure pOM 11], and so on. The current trend in the use of PLA, however, is toward durable (i.e. long-lasting) materials in areas such as the automobile or constmction sectors, where its biodegradability is not a desirable feature. 

PHA production may be destined to partially replace non-degradable synthetic polymers in various applications, such as packaging, agriculture, leisure, rapid restoration, health and the biomedical domain [POL 11, SUD 00]. 

It would be too long and too tedious to make an exhaustive hst of all the applications for which polymers play a fundamental role in everyday life. The most important is packaging which uses more than 40% of the production of plastics, we shall simply mention three domains less well known to the public food, health, clothing, sports and leisure. 

Plastic and Rubber Use in Sports and Leisure and Possible Health Effects... 

Possible health effects from other applications of these systems are also briefly discussed in the following chapters (their use in healthcare, construction, sports and leisure, automotive and transportation, agriculture, electrical and electronic applications, and consumer products), in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. 

Medical devices, and hence biomaterials, are becoming increasingly important in developed countries due to changes in society. With increasing life expectancy and better health care, people expect to remain active into their seventies and eighties. An increase in leisure time has led to an increase in injuries frotn sports, e g., skiing. Furthermore. diseases such as heart disease and diabetes, which have become more prevalent in recent decades, require biornaterials to provide long-term solutions rather than the palliative treatments currently available. ... 

In addition to the more traditional cash flows from mortgages and loan assets, investment banks underwrite bonds secured with flows received by leisure and recreational facilities, such as health clubs, and other entities, such as nursing homes. Bonds securitizing mortgages are usually treated as a separate class, termed mortgage-backed securities, or MBSs. Those with other underlying assets are known as asset-backed securities, or ABSs. The type of asset class backing a securitized bond issue determines the method used to analyze and value it. 

Permanently work incapacity Moderate to health ill for 1-4 weeks. Theieafier some pain gradually reducing but there is permanent restrictions to leisure and possibly some work activities. 300000... 

Serious health problem Restrictions to work and/or leisure activities for several weeks/months. After 3-4 months return to normal health with no permanent disability. 30000... 

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