Lead pigment industry

Forcing the Lead Pigment Industry to Take Responsible Action... 

In the early 1930s, efforts to prohibit the use of lead in interior paint were successfully opposed by the U. S. lead pigment industry. Meanwhile, a number of other countries either banned or severely restricted this use of the toxin. 

Many advocates feel that the lead pigment industry should be held responsible for remedying the situation as much as possible, by paying medical costs and other expenses for families with lead-poisoned children and/or covering the cost of safely removing lead-based paint from homes. 

When these pigments are used with lead-containing glazes, care should be exercised to use lead-safe glaze materials (see Lead compounds, industrial toxicology). 

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates the exposure to chemicals in the workplace. From the point of view of the inorganic pigments industry, the limits established for lead and cadmium exposure are particulady important. A comprehensive lead standard adopted by OSHA in 1978 has been successful in reducing the potential for lead contamination in the workplace. 

Another issue affecting the architectural paint industry is the remediation of homes, buildings, and structures that contain lead-based paint. Lead poisoning in children has been linked to ingestion of paint dust or paint chips that contain lead pigments and this has resulted in U.S. government regulations to reduce the lead content in paint to no more than 0.06%. 

Because of the long-term and widespread use of lead, it is one of the most ubiquitous of the toxic metals. Exposure may be through air, water, or food sources. In the United States the major industrial uses, such as in fuel additives and lead pigments in paints, have been phased out, but other uses, such as in batteries, have not been reduced. Other sources of lead include lead from pipes and glazed ceramic food containers. 

As mentioned in Section 5.2.5.1, zinc phosphate, while having many desirable properties as an anticorrosive pigment, does not demonstrate the degree of corrosion protection offered by lead and chromate pigments [5.55]. Therefore the pigment industry has concentrated on developing phosphate-based pigments with improved... 

Lead is very important for development of the various sectors of India s economy. For example, it is necessary for advanced development of the electrical industry, the paints and pigments industry, and other areas. The chief need of the industry is for the location and development of additional ore bodies. 

Hexavalent chromium compounds are classified as substances known to be carcinogenic to humans. This is based upon sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans exposed in chrome production facilities, chromium-alloy facilities, in the chrome plating industry as well as in chrome pigment industries. This exposure results in an increased incidence of lung cancer among these workers. The incidence of cancers at other sites may be increased in these occupational workers There is not sufficient evidence to show that barium chromate, calcium chromate, chromium trioxide, lead chromate, sodium dichromate and strontium chromate are carcinogenic in humans. 

Perhaps no other metal has aroused as much public discussion and attention as lead. It was one of the earliest metals exploited for practical uses the word plumbing comes from the Latin word for lead. The Romans constructed cisterns and cooking utensils from lead. Lead pigments are found in glazes, even those that are used to decorate pottery acidic foods leach the lead from the glaze. Lead permeates our current environment because of its presence in paint and in industrial products such as storage batteries and because of the lead added to gasoline. 

The most severe blow to the continued use of chrome pigments has come from the proponents of safety in banning the use of even insoluble lead pigments in any paint that might be approached by children. However, even without legislative requirements, many automotive and other industrial finishes are being formulated without chrome colors. 

BSWL. pagle-Pidier] Basic silteate white lead pigment, heat stabilizer for idastics rust-inhibitive pigment in the automobile industry us in industrial or maintenance paints. 

The colored pigments industry was also quick to follow this lead, and a second line of DuPont pigments, the Krolar products, soon became available as color-stable pigments that did not fade in sunlight. The... 

Its alloys include solders, typemetal, pewter and various bearing metals. The compounds of lead also receive extensive industrial and commercial application, and lead was used in the manufacture of domestic paints as a pigment and dryer. Coloured lead pigments included white lead, red lead, chrome yellow, chrome red, chrome green and brunswick green. 

The limited literature on lead paint production or use in nineteenth-century America was rooted in the occupational health literamre, with a particular focus on lead pigment workers and some concern for house and commercial painters (see, for example, Hamilton, 1911 Knerr, 1992). Of particular concern to industrial hygienists and occupational physicians and labor activists were the significant rates of clinical lead poisonings among workers producing white lead by the Dutch Process (Hamilton, 1911 Knerr, 1992). 

Red lead pigments are one of the oldest and most popular types of anticorrosive pigments, mainly used for primers for metals. They are indirect inhibitors and require reaction with a selected resin system. When used in linseed oil or other oleoresinous binders, they react with acidic groups in the resin and form lead soap, which has an inhibitory effect. They are no longer used in the coating industry due to the toxicity associated with lead. 

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