Dutch process

Bunker and McWilliams found that two beverages prepared from instant cocoa (with Dutch process cocoa) contained 10 to 17 mg caffeine per cup.37 Table 7 lists the theobromine and caffeine concentration of hot cocoa and chocolate milk prepared from instant mixes. Zoumas et al. analyzed five commercial hot cocoa mixes and reported an average of 65 mg per serving of theobromine and 4 mg per serving of caffeine.28 Similar results were reported by Blauch and Tarka.36... 

NSM A Dutch process for making ammonium nitrate, offered by Uhde. Not to be confused with another NSM (New Smoking Material), a tobacco substitute developed by ICI in the 1970s but later abandoned. 

Many commercial processes have been developed for manufacturing basic lead carbonate. These include Thomson-Stewart process, Carter process, and Dutch process. The method of preparation involves treating lead with acetic acid vapors in the presence of carbon dioxide at 60°C. In the Thomson-Stewart process, finely divided lead monoxide or lead metal is mixed with water to give aqueous slurry, which is then mixed with acetic acid in the presence of air and carbon dioxide. All these processes are slow, taking weeks to obtain products of desired composition. 

Siirola JJ. Synthesis of equipment with integrated functionality. Syllabus First Dutch Process Intensification Profits for the Chemical Industry Symposium, 7 May 1998. 

It is certainly difficult to prepare by electrolysis a white lead a good as that formed in the older Dutch process. This aspect of the problem was discussed after a paper read by F. M. Perkin2 before the Paint and Varnish Society in 1911. 

Dutch process. Process for making white lead. 

Derivation (1) Dutch process. By the corrosion of lead buckles in pots by acetic acid and carbon dioxide generated by the fermentation of waste tanbark. (2) Carter process. By treating very finely divided lead in revolving wooden cylinders with dilute acetic acid and carbon dioxide. 

Pasman HJ (2011) History of Dutch process equipment failure frequencies and the Purple Book. J Loss Prev Process Ind 24(3) 208-213... 

Dutch process n. Old name for stack process for manufacture of white lead. 

Lead II carbonate, white lead, PbCOs has been used as a pigment for over 2000 years. It is usually made by a modification of the Dutch process whereby sheets of lead undergo slow decomposition under the action of acetic vapour, moist air and carbon dioxide. It is very toxic when used in paints and in recent years has largely been replaced as a pigment by titanium dioxide, on account of its greater opacity, covering power, cheapness, stability and of course, safety. 

The limited literature on lead paint production or use in nineteenth-century America was rooted in the occupational health literamre, with a particular focus on lead pigment workers and some concern for house and commercial painters (see, for example, Hamilton, 1911 Knerr, 1992). Of particular concern to industrial hygienists and occupational physicians and labor activists were the significant rates of clinical lead poisonings among workers producing white lead by the Dutch Process (Hamilton, 1911 Knerr, 1992). 

Depending on the alkali used, cocoa powder produced by the Dutch process may contain relatively high concentrations of sodium, which may cause problems in persons who are on a low-sodium diet. 

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