Lead chloride dioxide

It should be noted that lead dioxide will discharge if electronically connected to a more base material, when in an unenergised state. The reverse current leakage of a rectifier will allow this to happen to a small extent if the rectifier is faulty, with the consequent formation of lead chloride and corrosion of the anode. 

N. A. E. Millon 4 found that when lead dioxide, Pb02, is added to well-cooled and cone, hydrochloric acid, but little chlorine is evolved, while lead chloride, PbCl2, and a yellow liquid are formed. The liquid slowly evolves chlorine and contains lead in soln. Lead dioxide is precipitated when water is added to the yellow liquid. It was therefore assumed that the liquid contains lead perchloride, PbCl4, in soln. and A. Guyard supposed that a soln. of iodine in potassium iodide contained potassium di-iodide, KI2, because this soln. gives lead tetraiodide, Pbl4, when treated with a lead salt. 

Lead dioxide is converted vigorously into lead chloride aud sulphate by the vapour of sulphuryl chloride, oxygen being liberated, whilst mercuric oxide (red at 160° to 180° C., yellow at 150° C.) with excess of sulphuryl chloride gives mercuric chloride and sulphur trioxidc ... 

In previous sections of this chapter, magnesium anodes have been considered as replacements for zinc in Leclanche and air-depolarized cells. In sea water-activated reserve batteries, magnesium anodes are coupled with either silver chloride, lead chloride, manganese dioxide or, occasionally,... 

Why could not lead dioxide be prepared equally well by treating a solution of lead chloride with chlorine ... 

Lead tri-n-butyl chloride is obtained from magnesium butyl iodide, and lead chloride, the product being treated with hydrogen chloride as above. It forms colourless, flat needles which melt to a clear liquid at 109° to 110° C., and have a similar solubility to the propyl compound. The hydroxide is prepared by dissolving the chloride in aqueous alcohol and shaking with silver oxide. The solution in water ha an alkaline reaction, and absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. When treated with hydrogen bromide a white precipitate of lead iri-n-butyl bromide separates, which may be recrystallised from ether or chloroform. 

PLACID/PLINT process [13,14], The PLACID process (see also Chapter 16) is based on the electrowinning of lead from a chloride solution in a cell where the cathode and anode are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Lead oxide and lead dioxide are converted to soluble lead chloride, whilst lead sulfate is converted in a hot brine circuit. The sulfate ion is removed as gypsum after the addition of lime. The FLINT process is an advanced adaptation of the PLACID process and operates in parallel with a pyrometallurgical route that smelts the metallic lead fractions from the battery. 

Violent reaction or incandescent reaction with ammonia, hydrogen, lead chloride, mercury, phosphorus(V) oxide, silicon, sulfur, titanium dioxide in the presence of heat. Contact with hydroxylamine forms a heat-sensitive explosive. Molten calcium reacts explosively with asbestos cement. 

Kerosene Lacquer solvents Lacquers Lactic acid, cold Lactic acid, hot Laurie acid Lead, molten Lead acetate Lead arsenate Lead bromide Lead carbonate Lead chloride Lead chromate Lead dioxide Lead nitrate Lead oxide Lime bleach Lime sulfur Linoleic acid Linseed oil Lithium carbonate Lithium chloride Lithium hydroxide Lithium nitrate Lithium nitrite... 

Body fluids are complicated mixtures whose inorganic electrolyte composition in plasma and muscle cells is normally fairly constant, but which may show considerable variations in gastric and pancreatic juices, sweat, saliva and urine. Ion-selective electrodes are the only devices capable of measuring the important normal ions and dissolved gases in fluids and they have proved particularly useful for medical, biochemical and physiological investigations of calcium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, chloride and fluoride. To a lesser extent, the electrodes have been used for bromide, iodide, lead, carbon dioxide, enzymes, proteins and in metal—nucleotide systems. 

From the nineteenth century other pigments might be admixed or substituted for lead antimony oxide, such as cadmium yellow (cadmium sulfide) and lead chloride oxide (qq.v.). Modem paints called Naples yellow typically contain substitutes based on cadmium sulfide (or sulfide selenide) with yellow ochre or red iron oxide and a white pigment such as lead, titanium dioxide or zinc white chromium/nickel titanium yellows and those based on (parachloro-)orthonitraniline are also used (Carlyle, 2001 Wainwright et al.). 

Cadmium sulfides and selenides group Lead antimony oxide Lead chloride oxide Lead tin oxide Massicot Cadmium yellow, Giallolino-, Lead tin yellow-. Lead white-. Titanium dioxide white-. Zinc white Boutet (1674) Carlyle (2001) 157 Elsum (1704) 114 Harley (1982) 98-99 Jacobi (1941) Ldresse (1707) Merrifield (1849) OED (2002) Naples yellow Pozzo (1693-1700) Wainwright et al. (1986) Watin (1773/edition of 1785) 25... 

If a current of air is passed through a solution of lead(II) acetate during the addition of sodium hydroxide solution, the carbon dioxide content of the air is sufficient to precipitate all of the lead as hexagonal platelets with the formulation 3PbC03.2Pb(0H)2 8. Another better-known basic carbonate of lead 2PbC03.Pb(0H)2 is formed when lead sulphate or lead chloride is boiled with sodium carbonate solution. 

The halogenocarbonates PbCb.PbCOj and PbBr2.PbCOj are isomorphousw i< , but the corresponding iodide could not be made. The chlorocarbonate PbCb.PbCOa is present in nature as the mineral phosgenite, and can be made by the action of phosgene upon lead hydroxide or by the action of carbon dioxide upon a solution of lead chloride. Natural and synthetic phosgenite have been shown to have identical crystal structures. 

Lead reacts only briefly with dilute hydrochloric and sulphuric acids for both lead(Il) chloride and lead(Il) sulphate are insoluble and form a film on the lead which effectively prevents further attack. Lead, however, does slowly dissolve in both concentrated sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. The sulphuric acid is reduced to sulphur dioxide ... 

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