Sulphuryl chloride

S02NH) . Colourless crystalline solids formed by the action of ammonia on a solution of sulphuryl chloride in benzene free sulphimide exists only in the polymerized form. 

Sulphur(Vl) forms the oxide chloride S02C12, sulphuryl chloride see sulphuryl halides). 

Sulphur dioxide is oxidised by chlorine in the presence of charcoal or camphor to give sulphur dichloride dioxide sulphuryl chloride), SOjCl ... 

Sulphuryl chloride. The technical product should be fractionated, preferably in an all-glass apparatus the fraction b.p. 69-70° is collected. The pure substance has b.p. 69°/760 mm. 

Rapid side-chain chlorination of toluene proceeds in the dark with sulphuryl chloride in the presence of dibenzoyl peroxide (0-001-0 005 mol per mol of SOjCl,) as catalyst ... 

With excess of sulphuryl chloride, benzal chloride is formed, but chlorination does not proceed beyond this stage. 

They do, however, react readily, even in the dark, with sulphuryl chloride in the preaenoe of a trace of benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst (compare Section 1V,22). 

The value of the second-order rate constant for nitration of benzene-sulphonic acid in anhydrous sulphuric acid varies with the concentration of the aromatic substrate and with that of additives such as nitromethane and sulphuryl chloride. The effect seems to depend on the total concentration of non-electrolyte, moderate values of which (up to about 0-5 mol 1 ) depress the rate constant. More substantial concentrations of non-electrolytes can cause marked rate enhancements in this medium. Added hydrogen sulphate salts or bases such as pyridine... 

Some interesting results have been obtained by Akand and Wyatt56 for the effect of added non-electrolytes upon the rates of nitration of benzenesulphonic acid and benzoic acid (as benzoic acidium ion in this medium) by nitric acid in sulphuric acid. Division of the rate coefficients obtained in the presence of nonelectrolyte by the concentration of benzenesulphonic acid gave rate coefficients which were, however, dependent upon the sulphonic acid concentration e.g. k2 was 0.183 at 0.075 molal, 0.078 at 0.25 molal and 0.166 at 0.75 molal (at 25 °C). With a constant concentration of non-electrolyte (sulphonic acid +, for example, 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene) the rate coefficients were then independent of the initial concentration of sulphonic acid and only dependent upon the total concentration of non-electrolyte. For nitration of benzoic acid a very much smaller effect was observed nitromethane and sulphuryl chloride had a similar effect upon the rate of nitration of benzenesulphonic acid. No explanation was offered for the phenomenon. 

A wide range of chlorine-containing oxidants have been used for the preparation of sulphones from sulphoxides. These reagents include chlorine, hypochlorites, sulphuryl chloride and IV-chloro compounds. 

Sulphur chlorides Sulphuric acid, fuming Sulphur trioxide, inhibited 2-Sulphuryl chloride... 

Dangerous materials may require special equipment. Chlorination with gaseous chlorine requires quite expensive storage facilities. Chlorination with chlorine, thionyl chloride, sulphuryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, or phosphorus pentachloride, all of which are fairly hazardous, requires off-gas treatment. Some of these reactants can be recycled. Pyrophoric solids such as hydrogenation catalysts, anhydrous aluminium trichloride for Friedel-Crafts reactions, or hydrides used as reducing agents should usually be handled using special facilities. Therefore, all of the above proce.sses are usually carried out in dedicated plants. 

In the presence of fluorine, sulphur dioxide combusts spontaneously or detonates. The seriousness of the result is supposed to depend on the order in which the compounds are added. Note that the action of chlorine leads to sulphuryl chloride and was not mentioned as being dangerous. 

There are other sulphur derivatives which react violently. Lead peroxide combusts in contact with sulphuric acid. It forms an explosive mixture with sulphuryl chloride and incandesces in sulphur dioxide. 

A mixture of sulphuryl chloride and diethyl ether gives rise to a very violent reaction and significant release of hydrogen chloride, probably as follows ... 

When there is no diluent, organic acid chlorides and metal halides react very violently with DMSO. This goes for acetyl chloride, benzenesulphonyl (C6H5SO2CI), cyanuryl chloride, phosphorus and phosphoryl trichlorides, tetrachlorosilane, sulphur, thionyl, and sulphuryl chlorides. With oxalyl chloride, the reaction is explosive at ambient temperature, but can be controlled at -60°C in a solution with dichloromethane. The dangerous reactions are thought to be... 

Yet other processes have used sulphuryl chloride (S02C12), thionyl chloride (SOCl2) or sulphur dichloride (SC12) as chlorinating agents. 

Monoarylation of l-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone (6.39 X = OH) results in violet dyes such as Cl Disperse Violet 27 (6.44 R = H) and the bluish violet Cl Disperse Blue 72 (6.44 R = CH3) the latter dye is also important as Cl Solvent Violet 13. Chlorination of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone with sulphuryl chloride gives the 2,3-dichloro derivative (Cl Disperse Violet 28), which on condensation with phenol yields Cl Disperse Violet 26 (6.45). Monoaryl or dialkyl derivatives of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone (6.19 Cl Disperse Violet 1) are blue. Typical examples include Cl Disperse Blue 19 (6.46) and Cl Disperse Blue 23 (6.47). 

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