Lead bromate chlorite

Lead acetate-lead bromate, 1540 Lead(II) chlorite, 4102 Mercury(II) bromate, 0270 Potassium bromate, 0255 Potassium chlorate, 4017 Potassium periodate, 4620 Silver bromate, 0007... 

Lead chromate Sulfur Lead(II) chlorite Non-metals Phosphorus(III) oxide Potassium bromate Non-metals Potassium chlorate Charcoal, etc., or Non-metals Potassium chlorite Sulfur Potassium perchlorate Sulfur Potassium permanganate Non-metals Silver bromate Sulfur compounds Silver chlorite Hydrochloric acid, etc. 

Figure 7.5 Simulation of the bromate-chlorite-iodide reaction, (a) With an error tolerance of lO", chaotic behavior is obtained, (b) Tightening the tolerance to 10" leads to the correct result, periodic behavior. (Adapted from Citri and Epstein, 1988.)...

Lead(II) chlorite, chlorate, bromate, iodate and perchlorate are the known oxyhalogen salts of lead. Pb(C102)2 is made by the action of Ba(C102)2 solution upon lead nitrate solu-tioni3i. The yellow crystals have a pseudotetragonal cell (a = 4 14 A, c/a = l-51)i32. 

Impact sensitivities of mixtures of red phosphorus with various oxidants were determined in a direct drop-ball method, which indicated higher sensitivities than those determined with an indirect striker mechanism. Mixtures with silver chlorate were most sensitive, those with bromates, chlorates and chlorites were extremely sensitive, and mixtures with sodium peroxide and potassium superoxide were more sensitive than those with barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium or zinc peroxides. Mixtures with perchlorates or iodates had sensitivities comparable to those of unmixed explosives, such as lead azide, 3,5-dinitrobenzenediazonium-2-oxide etc. 

Despite the importance of the chlorite-iodide systems in the development of nonlinear chemical dynamics in the 1980s, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ) reaction remains as the most intensively studied nonlinear chemical system, and one displaying a surprising variety of behavior. Oscillations here were discovered by Belousov (1951) but largely unnoticed until the works of Zhabotinsky (1964). Extensive description of the reaction and its behavior can be found in Tyson (1985), Murray (1993), Scott (1991), or Epstein and Pojman (1998). There are several versions of the reaction, but the most common involves the oxidation of malonic acid by bromate ions BrOj in acid medium and catalyzed by cerium, which during the reaction oscillates between the Ce3+ and the Ce4+ state. Another possibility is to use as catalyst iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+). The essentials of the mechanisms were elucidated by Field et al. (1972), and lead to the three-species model known as the Oregonator (Field and Noyes, 1974). In this... 

ACTIVATED CARBON or ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (64365-11-3) Dust or powder reacts, possibly violently, with strong oxidizers, ammonium perchlorate, bromates, bromine trifluoride, chlorates, cobalt nitrate, iodates, strong acids, halogens, lead chlorite, nitrates, nitric acid, oxides, perchlorates, peroxides, peroxyformic acid, sulfates, sodium sulfite, unsaturated oils. Forms heat- and impact-sensitive materials with ammonium perchlorate. Incompatible with many compounds, including triethylenediamine, palladium, potassium dioxide, potassium peroxide, silver nitrate, sodium chlorite. 

BENSULFOID (7704-34-9) Combustible solid (flash point 405°F/207°C). Finely divided dry materia forms explosive mixture with air. The vapor reacts violently with lithium carbide. Reacts violently with many substances, including strong oxidizers, aluminum powders, boron, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, calcium hypochlorite, carbides, cesium, chlorates, chlorine dioxide, chlorine trifluoride, chromic acid, chromyl chloride, dichlorine oxide, diethylzinc, fluorine, halogen compounds, hexalithium disilicide, lampblack, lead chlorite, lead dioxide, lithium, powdered nickel, nickel catalysis, red phosphorus, phosphorus trioxide, potassium, potassium chlorite, potassium iodate, potassium peroxoferrate, rubidium acetylide, ruthenium tetraoxide, sodium, sodium chlorite, sodium peroxide, tin, uranium, zinc, zinc(II) nitrate, hexahydrate. Forms heat-, friction-, impact-, and shock-sensitive explosive or pyrophoric mixtures with ammonia, ammonium nitrate, barium bromate, bromates, calcium carbide, charcoal, hydrocarbons, iodates, iodine pentafluoride, iodine penloxide, iron, lead chromate, mercurous oxide, mercury nitrate, mercury oxide, nitryl fluoride, nitrogen dioxide, inorganic perchlorates, potassium bromate, potassium nitride, potassium perchlorate, silver nitrate, sodium hydride, sulfur dichloride. Incompatible with barium carbide, calcium, calcium carbide, calcium phosphide, chromates, chromic acid, chromic... 

ESTANO (Spanish) (7440-31-5) Finely divided material is combustible and forms explosive mixture with air. Contact with moisture in air forms tin dioxide. Violent reaction with strong acids, strong oxidizers, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, bis-o-azido benzoyl peroxide, bromates, bromine, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, bromine azide, cadmium, carbon tetrachloride, chlorine, chlorine monofluoride, chlorine nitrate, chlorine pentafluoride, chlorites, copper(II) nitrate, fluorine, hydriodic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, ni-trosyl fluoride, oxygen difluoride, perchlorates, perchloroethylene, potassium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur, sulfur dichloride. Reacts with alkalis, forming flammable hydrogen gas. Incompatible with arsenic compounds, azochloramide, benzene diazonium-4-sulfonate, benzyl chloride, chloric acid, cobalt chloride, copper oxide, 3,3 -dichloro-4,4 -diamin-odiphenylmethane, hexafluorobenzene, hydrazinium nitrate, glicidol, iodine heptafluoride, iodine monochloride, iodine pentafluoride, lead monoxide, mercuric oxide, nitryl fluoride, peroxyformic acid, phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride, tellurium, turpentine, sodium acetylide, sodium peroxide, titanium dioxide. Contact with acetaldehyde may cause polymerization. May form explosive compounds with hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, picric acid, potassium iodate, potassium peroxide, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol. 

TELLURIUM (13494-80-9) Finely divided powder or dust may be flammable and explosive. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, bromine pentafluoride, halogens, interhalogens, iodine pentafluoride, hexalithium disilicide, lithium silicide, nitrosyl fluoride, oxygen difluoride, sodium peroxide, sulfur, zinc. Incompatible with cadmium, cesium, hafnium, strong bases, chemically active metals, iodic acid, iodine oxide, lead chlorite, lead oxide, mercury oxides, nitric acid, peroxyformic acid, platinum, silver bromate/iodate/ fluoride, nitryl fluoride, sodium nitrate. 

Boissonade etal. consider the chemoelastodynamics of responsive gels in Chapter 9. This chapter is devoted to the spontaneous generation of mechanical oscillations by a responsive gel immersed in a reactive medium away from equilibrium. Two important cases are considered. In the first case, the chemomechanical instability is mainly driven by a kinetic instabiUty leading to an oscillatory reaction. The approach is applied to the BZ reaction. The second case is a mechanical oscillatory instability that emerges from the cross-coupUng of a reaction-diffusion process and the volume or size responsiveness of the supporting material. In this case, there is no need for an oscillatory reaction. Bistable reactions, namely, the chlorite-tetrathionate (CT) and the bromate-sulfite (BS) reactions, were chosen... 

---