Lead-acid stationary batteries construction

In 1957, Otto Jache from Sonnenschein introduced the gel electrolyte and patented the sealed lead—acid battery [18]. In this battery construction, the oxygen evolved at the positive plates passes through cracks in the gel and reaches the negative plates, where it is reduced and thus restores the lost water and suppresses hydrogen evolution. The German company Sonnenschein started mass production of gel-sealed lead—acid stationary batteries. 

FIGURE 23.42 Relative self-discharge of lead-acid stationary batteries of different construction. 

Lead-acid batteries can be classified into three major types or categories, namely, automotive (SLI), stationary, and motive power (industrial). In addition, there are many special batteries that cannot be easily categorized as either of the above types. As these types of batteries are constructed with different materials and design to meet the requirements of their intended end uses, each requires a particular separator with specific material composition, mechanical design, and physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties that are tailored for the battery and its relevant specific uses. These batteries are generally available in flooded electrolyte or valve regulated (sealed) versions. In this section the types... 

The case is the largest portion of the container. The case is divided into compartments which hold the cell elements. The cores normally have a mud-rest area used to collect shed solids from the battery plates and supply support to the element. Typical materials of construction for the battery container are polypropylene, polycarbonate, SAN, ABS, and to a much lesser extent, hard mbber. The material used in fabrication depends on the battery s application. Typical material selections include a polypropylene—ethylene copolymer for SLI batteries polystyrene for stationary batteries polycarbonate for large, single cell standby power batteries and ABS for certain sealed lead—acid batteries. 

DIN 40738 Lead-acid accumulators stationary battery cells with Plante plates, high-performance construction Capacities, main dimensions, weights. 

Yuasa have constructed a 400 kWh battery intended for stationary application testing. Argoime National Laboratory, US have published projected ranges and speeds for different simulated driving profiles comparing sodium-sulphur batteries with lead-acid and nickel-iron (Table 43.3). 

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