Laxative plants

Anthranoid laxative plants The anthranoid-containing plants are essentially similar in their mode of action. In this group the active substances are a group of polynuclear or tricyclic hydrocarbon derivatives based on anthracene. Various oxidised and reduced forms constitute the aglycones of a variety of C and O glycosides. The fully oxidised form is the anthraquinone form, with the partially reduced form represented by the an-throne nucleus. Dimeric forms whereby two anthracene nuclei are chemically linked to... 

The U.K. Health and Safety Executive s report on the incident blames inadequate monitoring, safety and operating procedures and lax plant design for the explosion. So yet again we see that human error was the cause of a tragedy. 

Anthraquinone glycosides have long been used medicinally as cathartics and laxatives. Plant-derived drugs of this type include aloes Aloe species), cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiams), frangula (Rhamnus frangula), rhubarb (Rheum officinale), rumex or yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and senna (Cassia spp.). Many of the commercial preparations (patent medicines) based on these plants are readily available. 

Fig. B.5. Effect of carbon dioxide lax on electricity price for a combined cycle gas turbine plant.

Meepagala K, Osbrink W, Sturtz G, Lax A, Plant-derived natural products exhibiting activity against Formosan subterranean termites Coptotermes for-mosanus), Pest ManagSci 62 565-570, 2006. 

Effect of ethanol extracts of three Chinese medicinal plants with laxative CS318 properties on ion transport of the rat intestinal epithelia. Biol Pharm Bull 2004 27(2) 162-165. 

Ukraine. Hot water extract of dried plant is taken orally for bronchial asthma . United States. Infusion of the fruit-fixed oil is taken orally to treat hypertension and agitation. Extract of the fruit-fixed oil is taken orally as a mild laxative and vermicide and taken externally as a counterirritant L Yugoslavia. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is taken orally for diabetes . 

Mechanism of Action A laxative prepared from the bean of the castor plant but the exact mechanism of acfion is unknown. Acts primarily in the small intestine. Maybe hydrolyzed to ricinoleicacid which reduces net absorption of fluid and electrolytes and stimulates peristalsis. Therapeutic Effect Increases peristalsis, promotes laxative effect. 

Hellebore root has been the psychopharmaceutical agent par excellence at various times. It is a plant of the Ranunculaceae family, the roots of which, as we now know, contain several glycosides, some of them rather toxic. White hellebore was traditionally used as an emetic (Vomitivum) and black hellebore as a laxative (Purgativum) in both cases the guiding principle was that a mental illness has a physical cause that can be treated by physical effects,... 

Bulk-forming laxatives are indigestible, hydrophilic colloids that absorb water, forming a bulky, emollient gel that distends the colon and promotes peristalsis. Common preparations include natural plant products (psyllium, methylcellulose) and synthetic fibers (polycarbophil). Bacterial digestion of plant fibers within the colon may lead to increased bloating and flatus. 

Aloe, senna, and cascara occur naturally in plants. These laxatives are poorly absorbed and after hydrolysis in the colon, produce a bowel movement in 6-12 hours when given orally and within 2 hours when given rectally. Chronic use leads to a characteristic brown pigmentation of the colon known as melanosis coli. There has been some concern that these agents may be carcinogenic, but epidemiologic studies do not suggest a relation to colorectal cancer. 

Malva chinensis Mill. M. pulchella Berhn. M. sylvestris L. M. verticillata L. Dong Kui Zi (Chinese mallow) (whole plant) 1-arabinose, 1-rhamnose, d-galacturonic acid.75 Treat stomach and intestinal disorders, to make labor easier, laxative, treat gonorrhea, congestion, constipation. 

Another example of this is aloe, one of the few medicinal plants that has been a popular cure for a long time. Aloe latex is used for its laxative effect and should not be confused with aloe gel, used both in cosmetics and in ointments for skin ailments. Aloe whole leaf is another preparation taken internally as a drink for a wide range of human diseases including cancer, AIDS, ulcerative colitis, and other complaints. 

Emodin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone produced in many species of lichen, fungi, and higher plants (e.g., the genus, Rhamnus). Extracts containing emodin have been used in traditional medicine as herbal laxatives. It has also... 

TXT is considered the safest explosive that has ever found a vide application in -warfare. The manufacture of this explosive is also comparatively safe, as long as it is carried out with ordinary caution. There is no doubt but that in the present rush to produce TXT in the greatest possible quantities, and in the least possible time, there is a tendency to be somewhat lax in the enforcing of precautionary measures, and that there is also a tendency to disregard the chemical properties of the various products and by-products that result from the manufacture of this product. The fact that TXT is primarily an explosive, makes certain the further fact that there are certain conditions under which it must explode. It is true that not many of these conditions are known, but it certainly is not impossible that some of these conditions can be produced in the plant where the explosive is manufactured. It is no more impossible that TXT -will explode under conditions concerning which we know nothing. These conditions may just as well be brought about as the first kind. To be on the safe side, then, it is up to the superintendent of a plant to be certain that no conditions exist in his plant but those imder which it is definitely known that TXT win not explode. This -will insure the safety of the men, and the safety of the plant. 

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