Laxative preparation

Q8 An appropriate laxative preparation for an elderly patient who is bedridden is ... 

POOH Odes, H. S., and Z. Madar. A doubleblind trial of a celandine. Aloe vera and psyllium laxative preparation in adult patients with constipation. Digestion... 

Mechanism of Action A laxative prepared from the bean of the castor plant but the exact mechanism of acfion is unknown. Acts primarily in the small intestine. Maybe hydrolyzed to ricinoleicacid which reduces net absorption of fluid and electrolytes and stimulates peristalsis. Therapeutic Effect Increases peristalsis, promotes laxative effect. 

Anthraquinone glycosides are coloured substances, and are the active components in a number of crude drugs, especially with laxative and purgative properties. Anthraquinone aglycone increases peristaltic action of large intestine. A number of over the counter laxative preparations contain anthraquinone glycosides. The use of anthraquinone drugs, however,... 

SCREENING FOR ABUSE OF LAXATIVES Colonic stimulants are the most commonly misused laxative preparations. These include bisacodyl, danthron, oxyphenisatin, and phenolphthalein. Some vegetable laxatives, for example aloes, cas-... 

McConnellTH. Fatal hypocalcemia from phosphate absorption from laxative preparation. JAMA 1971 216 147-8. 

Both psyllium and quince seeds are imported into the United States for limited, specialized uses. Almost all the psyllium seed arriving from India proceeds to pharmaceutical houses for use in laxative preparations utilizing the mucilage-containing seed husk. Quince seeds from Iran are purchased by cosmetics houses, principally for use in hand-lotions. Each user prepares his own mucilage extract directly from the seeds, as needed. Seed supplies are restricted, so that any unusual demand is reflected in increases in price. 

Tf the various drugs of the herbal formulation contain the same classes of compounds and active principles, identification of the characteristic components is usually possible. Salviathymol, a mixture of essential oil components (Hg. 1) and a laxative preparation containing various anthraglycosides (Fig. 2) are chosen as an example Ibr the TLG of mixed herbal preparations. 

Tagging will probably add to the patient s compliance since laxative preparation is often experienced as a heavy burden (Lefere et al. 2002 Iannaccone et al. 2004a van Gelder et al. 2004a). 

The D-glucitol contents in some common fruits and vegetables are given in Table. 4.8. For example, rowan berries, together with the main hexitol D-glucitol, also contain D-mannitol and D-iditol. Prunes have a higher amount of glucitol, and for this reason they are used in various laxative preparations. 

Flaxseeds— These seeds, when ground, have long been used as the basis of various natural laxative preparations. They contain a mucilaginous material which thickens the porridge that is formed when they are cooked in water with other grains. Their bland taste makes it convenient to add them to various cereal products, where their ample supply of calcium, iron, and magnesium adds to the mineral values. 

Aloe and aloin are extensively used as active ingredients in laxative preparations, often with other cathartics such as buckthorn, cascara, and senna belladonna extracts are often included to lessen griping. Aloin is also used in antiobesity preparations. 

Used in diuretic, uterine, antispasmodic, and emmenagogue as well as laxative preparations. 

Used in certain laxative preparations, more commonly in Europe. Extracts have been used in sunscreen preparations. ... 

Used in some carminative, stomachic, and laxative preparations. Caraway oil is widely used in Europe in combination with peppermint oil (see peppermint) and other oils in the treatment of dyspepsia also used as a flavor in pharmaceuticals and as a fragrance component in cosmetic preparations including toothpaste, mouthwash, soaps, creams, lotions, and perfumes, with maximum use level of 0.4% reported in perfumes. 

Used extensively in laxative preparations also used in sunscreens. 

Fennel and sweet fennel oil are used as a carminative or flavoring agent in certain laxative preparations. 

In its larger particle size (8-30 mesh), karaya gum is used extensively as a bulk laxative in laxative preparations. Its fine powder is used in dentistry as a dental adhesive and in related preparations. Also used as a thickener and suspending agent in lotions, creams, and hair-setting preparations. 

Bitter orange peel is occasionally used as an ingredient in certain stomachic, carminative, and laxative preparations. 

Podophyllin is used in treating venereal warts (condyloma acuminatum) and other papillomas, most commonly as a dispersion in Compound Benzoin Tincture or as a solution in alcohol. It is also rather extensively used in laxative preparations, usually along with other cathartic agents. 

Regulatory Status. The once widespread use of podophyllum resins in OTC laxative preparations has been disallowed. Subject of a German therapeutic monograph external preparations for condyloma acuminatum. ... 

Senna leaves, pods, their extracts, and senno-sides are extensively used as active ingredients in laxative preparations (syrups, tablets, etc.). Often termed a bowel irritant or stimulant, recent scientific consensus suggests such terms should be avoided, in favor of a more specific characterization as a prokinetic agent with a secretory component. ... 

Dujovnc,C. A. and Shocman,D.W. (1972) Toxicity of a hcpatotoxic laxative preparation in tissue culture and excretion in bile in man. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 13, 602. 

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