Chinese medicinal plants

Thiophene, 2,2-bithiophene, and 2,2, 5, 2"-terthiophene derivatives from Chinese medicinal plants as oncogene signal transduction inhibitors (proteinki-nase C inhibitors) 99PAC1101. 

Another approach to the generation of an iminium cation suitable for cyclization is the protonation of dihydropyridine derivatives. One example can be found in Scheme 48, where treatment of compound 243 with acid induced its cyclization to indoloquinolizine 244, a precursor in the first total synthesis of (i)-tangutorine 245, an alkaloid isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant <2001TL6593>. 

The Chinese government started an antimalarial research program to search for traditional Chinese medicinal plants to support the Vietnamese army during the Vietnam War (1965-1975). As a result, artemisinin (1) was identified in 1972 as the active antimalarial constituent of A. annua. 

Distribution of alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicinal plants, 32, 241 (1988) Diterpenoid alkaloids Aconitum, 7, 473 (1960), 12, 2 (1970)... 

Debilic acid (9) was the minor constituent of the Chinese medicinal plant A. 

T. Tarrago, S. Frutos, R.A. Rodriguez-Mias, E. Giralt, Identification by F-19 NMR of traditional Chinese medicinal plants possessing prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity, Chembiochem 7 (2006) 827-833. 

Effect of ethanol extracts of three Chinese medicinal plants with laxative CS318 properties on ion transport of the rat intestinal epithelia. Biol Pharm Bull 2004 27(2) 162-165. 

The information presented herein is intended for use by biologists, chemists, and the interested layman as a guide to the Chinese medicinal plant resources and their uses. 

Kariyone, T. and Y. Kimura. 1949. Japanese-Chinese Medicinal Plants, Their Constituents and Medicinal Uses. 2nd ed. 519 p. 

Chung, . T. 1959. A Chinese Native Medicinal Flora for Fanners. Beijing, China. 281 p. Kariyone, T. and Y. Kimura. 1949. Japanese-Chinese Medicinal Plants, Their Constituents and Medicinal Uses. 2nd ed. Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. 

Widrlechner, M. and S. Foster. 1991. Chinese medicinal plants in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Herb Spice Med. Plant Dig. 9(4) 1-5. 

The Chinese Eupatorium chinense has afforded ten new sesquiterpenoids, three of which are chlorinated, eupachinilides C (263), E (264), and F (265) (518). The Chinese medicinal plant Eupatorium lindleyanum contains the chlorinated guaianes eupalinilides A (266), D (267), E (268), and H (269), amongst other non-chlori-nated eupalinilides and nine known sesquiterpenoids (579). The Oregon coastal perennial plant Artemisia suksdorfii contains four novel chlorinated sesquiterpene lactones 270-273 520). 

Examination of the Montenegro Achillea clavennae reveals the presence of three new chlorine-containing guaianolides 277-279 in addition to several known analogues (524). The first investigation of the Chinese medicinal plant Vernonia chinensis has uncovered the new chlorinated sesquiterpene lactones vemchinilides A (280), B (281), C (282) and E (283) (525). Vemchinilides B and E exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against the P-388 and A-549 cell lines. The structurally similar vemolide C (284) was found in the Cambodian traditional medicinal plant Vernonia cinera (fever, colic, malaria) (526). Indeed, vemolide C could be identical with vemchinilide A. 

A Papua New Guinea sponge, Pseudoceratina sp., contains the unusual alkaloids ceratamines A (1142) and B (1143), and a biogenesis involving histidine and tyrosine is proposed (1173). The fermentation broth from Aspergillus fischeri var. thermomutatus has yielded CJ-12662 (1144) and UK-88051 (1145) (1174). The former metabolite was confirmed by X-ray spectroscopy and partial synthesis. A marine-derived Streptomyces sp. produces the novel pyrrolizidine 5-chlorobohem-amine C (1146), which was shown not to be an isolation artifact (1175). The Chinese medicinal plant Huperzia serrata has furnished 2-chlorohyperzine E (1147) (1176). 

Cai YZ, Mei S, Jie X, Luo Q, Corke H. 2006. Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of phenolic compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Life Sci 78 2872-2888. 

A detailed study of the fragmentation patterns of 5-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-7-methoxychromone has been described as part of the structure elucidation of this compound, which was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Baeckea frutescens <2003JNP1144>. 

Kupchan et al. [38] first isolated triptolide, a highly oxygenated diterpene from an ethanol ic extract of the Chinese medicinal plant Triptergium... 

Prenylated flavonoids contain one or two isoprenyl, geranyl, dimethylallyl, and lavandulyl on the skeleton. They have limited distribution and are mostly isolated from the Moraceae family. Chi et al. isolated 19 prenylated flavonoids from six different genera of Chinese medicinal plants and evaluated inhibition activities on eicosanoid metabolisms with multiple cell line models [189]. Two 8-lavandulylated flavanones, kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G, were discovered to be dual inhibitors. They possessed the most potent COX-1 inhibitory activities with IC50 less than 1 pM comparable with that of indomethacin. Sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescense Art (Fabaceae) also had potent 5-LOX inhibition activity with an IC50 below 0.25 pM. 

Artemisinin (23), isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant, annual wormwood Artemisia annua L.), is a unique sesquiterpene lactone bearing an endoperoxide moiety. This compound displays a strong antimalarial activity and inhibits seed germination and plant growth.11... 

Because of their promising pharmacological properties, the carbazole-l,4-quinone alkaloids became attractive synthetic targets [30,63]. Murrayaquinone A has been isolated from the root bark of the Chinese medicinal plant Murraya euchrestifilia and shows cardiotonic activity [64], The koeniginequinones A and B have been obtained from the... 

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