Spectroscopy polarization

While saturation spectroscopy monitors the deerease of absorption of a probe beam caused by a pump wave that has seleetively depleted the absorbing level, the signals in polarization spectroscopy come mainly from the change of the polarization state of the probe wave induced by a polarized pump wave. Because of optical pumping, the pump wave causes not only a change in the absorption coefficient a, but also a change in the refraction index n. 

While saturation spectroscopy monitors the decrease of absorption of a probe beam caused by a pump wave which has selectively depleted the absorbing level, the signals in polarization spectroscopy come mainly from the 

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Cross A J, Waldeck D H and Fleming G R 1983 Time resolved polarization spectroscopy level kinetics and rotational diffusion J. Chem. Phys. 78 6455-67... 

Guttler F, Croci M, Renn A and Wild U P 1996 Single molecule polarization spectroscopy pentacene in p-terphenyl Chem. Phys. 211 421-30... 

Ha T, Laurence T A, Chemla D S and Weiss S 1999 Polarization spectroscopy of single fluorescent molecules J. Chem. Phys. B 103 6839-50... 

The direction of orientation in HDPE film and the orientation degree can be determined by either the x-ray method, ir polarization spectroscopy, acoustical methods, or birefringence (21,22,120,121). 

FT-IR POLARIZED SPECTROSCOPY OE 9-ELUORENONE AND DEUTERATED 9-ELUORENONE ORIENTED IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL... 

Fisz, J. J. (2007). Fluorescence polarization spectroscopy at combined high-aperture excitation and detection Application to one-photon-excitation fluorescence microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 8606-21. 

It is quite evident that the ferrous complexes of porphyrins, both natural and synthetic, have extremely high affinities towards NO. A series of iron (II) porphyrin nitrosyls have been synthesized and their structural data [11, 27] revealed non-axial symmetry and the bent form of the Fe-N=0 moiety [112-116]. It has been found that the structure of the Fe-N-O unit in model porphyrin complexes is different from those observed in heme proteins [117]. The heme prosthetic group is chemically very similar, hence the conformational diversity was thought to arise from the steric and electronic interaction of NO with the protein residue. In order to resolve this issue femtosecond infrared polarization spectroscopy was used [118]. The results also provided evidence for the first time that a significant fraction (35%) of NO recombines with the heme-Fe(II) within the first 5 ps after the photolysis, making myoglobin an efficient N O scavenger. 

Thulstrup E. W. and Michl J. (1989) Elementary Polarization Spectroscopy, VCH, New York. 

Zircon belongs to the tetragonal system and is a positive uniaxial. The typical form shows the ill and the 110 planes. The two orientations selected for luminescence polarization study were the (110) plane, parallel to the basal section and the [100] row. In such cases the axis perpendicular to the (110) plane will be called X. The orientation notation is made according to the so-called Porto notation (Porto et al. 1956). The Xi(ZX2)Xi orientation means that the laser light entered parallel to the Xi axis of the crystal and is polarized in the Z direction, while the emission is collected along the Xi axis with X2 polarization. By polarization spectroscopy with a high spectral resolution (less then 0.1 nm) six lines are observed for the Dq- Fi transition of the Eu-II center instead of the maximum three allowed for an unique site (Fig. 5.12). In Z(XX)Z geometry which corresponds to observation of a-polarized luminescence we... 

Samori, B. Thulstrup, E. W., Polarized Spectroscopy of Ordered Systems Kluwer Academic Dordrecht, (1988). 

The 3.5- and 8-ntn nanoparticles show well-resolved peaks at 362 and 473 nm, respectively, as well as other features at higher energies. The 4.5-nm particles show a well-resolved peak at 400 nm and a shoulder at 450 nm. It is tempting to assume that in each case, the lowest energy absorption corresponds to the lowest allowed transition (the A exciton) in bulk M0S2. Polarization spectroscopy can be used to determine if this is the case. The lowest allowed transitions in bulk material, the A and B excitons, are polarized perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis. If the lowest allowed transition correlates to the A exciton, then it would be expected to also be a planar (xy polarized) oscillator. However, tire results of polarization studies reveal that the actual situation is more complicated. A combination of time-resolved polarized emission and one-color time-resolved polarized absorption (transient bleach) studies facillitate assignment of the polarizations of the observed nanoparticle transitions. The 3.5-nm particles are emissive and the polarization of the several of the lowest transitions may be determined... 

The rotational dynamics of nitrogen and carbon dioxide were recorded by Akhmanov and Koroteev [7]. The transients look similar to the transients by Morgen et al. [8], recorded with time resolved Raman induced polarization spectroscopy [9]. A fs-DFWM experiment was performed by Frey et al. [10] on diatomics and linear polyatomics. To prevent collisional dephasing, they transferred the method into the expansion zone of a molecular beam. In succession, experiments on linear molecules and symmetric tops were performed on molecules like CHCI3 [11] and CgHf, [12], Transients of asymmetric tops like the near oblate pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridine [13] and SO2 [11] were reported in the following years. 

Doppler-Free Time-Resolved Polarization Spectroscopy of Large Molecules Measurement of Excited State Rotational Constants, J. S. Baskin, P. M. Felker, and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 4708 (1986). 

Pure and doped crystals allow investigation of chromophore interactions and exciton motion. Polarized spectroscopy can be uniquely useful for assigning spectral features and determining orientations of intermediates or products in single crystals, but birefringence often makes the technique less versatile than might have been imagined (Section II.D.4). 

Gericke, K.-H., Klee, S., Comes, F.J., and Dixon, R.N. (1986). Dynamics of H2O2 photodissociation OH product state and momentum distribution characterized by sub-Doppler and polarization spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 4463-4479. 

Keywords Surface reconstructions surface states angular resolved photoemission scanning tunneling spectroscopy spin polarized spectroscopy self-organized nucleation. 

Spin Polarized Spectroscopy and Imaging of Magnetic Surfaces. 17... 

The authors of [297] have presented the most consistent classical approach for the description of the polarization of a molecular gas by a strong light wave. The basic and principal difference between the methods of polarization spectroscopy and laser probing of dichroism consists of the fact that polarization spectroscopy demands the application of monochromatic single-frequency radiation, whilst probing of dichroism is based on the employment of a broad spectral irradiation. 

Auzinsh, M.P. (1989). Study of the electronic ground state of molecules by polarization-spectroscopy methods, Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR), 67, 616-619. 

Lange, W. and Mlynek, J. (1978). Quantum beats in transmission by time-resolved polarization spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett., 40, 1373-1375. 

Mlynek, J., Drake, K.H. and Lange W. (1979). Observation of transient and stationary Zeeman coherence by polarization spectroscopy, Proc. IV Intern. Conf. Optical Sciences, Tegemsee.—Berlin Springer, pp. 616-618. 

Summary. X-ray line emissions from ultrashort high-intensity laser-produced plasma were studied in order to clarify the physics of energy transport associated with the generation of ultrashort X-ray pulses for use in various applications. This article reviews two topics. The first is the application of Ka spectroscopy to the study of energy transport in laser-produced plasma. The second topic is the application of X-ray polarization spectroscopy to measurements of the anisotropy of hot electrons generated with ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses. 

Second, the velocity distribution function (VDF) of hot electrons was directly measured to clarify the energy deposition process using X-ray line polarization spectroscopy. When the plasma has electromagnetic field anisotropy, polarized X-rays corresponding to the magnetic quantum number are emitted. In the case of polarization spectroscopy in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) [21], the polarization degree P is generally defined by... 

Kieffer JC, Matte JP, Chaker, Beaudoin Y, Chien CY, Coe S, Mourou G, Dubau J, Inal MK (1993) X-ray-line polarization spectroscopy in laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E 48 4648-4658... 

Inubushi Y, Nishimura H, Ochiai M, Fujioka S, Izawa S (2004) X-ray polarization spectroscopy for measurement of anisotropy of hot electrons generated with ultraintense laser pulse. Rev Sci Instrum 75 3699-3701... 

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