Satellite line

Physical background. MAS will narrow the inliomogeneously broadened satellite transitions to give a series of sharp sidebands whose intensity envelopes closely follow the static powder pattern so that the quadnipole interaction can be deduced. The work of Samoson [25] gave real impetus to satellite transition spectroscopy by showing that both the second-order quadnipolar linewidths and isotropic shifts are fiinctions of / and Some combinations of / and produce smaller second-order quadnipolar effects on the satellite lines than... 

The X-radiation from magnesium and aluminum sources is quite complex. The principal Ka lines are, in fact, unresolved doublets and should correctly be labeled Kai 2-Besides the Kai 2 lines a series of further lines, so-called satellite lines, also exist of which the most important ones are Ka3 4. The energy separations of the satellite lines for Mg and A1 together with their intensities, related to Kaj 2, are given in Tab. 2.3. 

The photoelectron line of main interest is Cls. Different bonding in the environments of the carbon atoms leads to very small chemical shifts of this line. High-resolution XPS is, therefore, required and monochromatic radiation should be used to prevent overlap with satellite lines. 

The Fluorescence Yield. The Auger Effect. Satellite Lines... 

Electron transitions can occur in atoms that are in the states just described. Such transitions can give rise to lines—very weak lines— called satellite lines, which (as was mentioned earlier) may usually be neglected in analytical chemistry. 

Inasmuch as the Auger effect can occur in any atom having a single appropriate electron hole, satellite lines are produced by electron excitation also. With this mode of excitation, they will be produced also when the Auger effect does not occur provided a single incident electron ejects two electrons from the atom. 

Sample, preparation in x-ray emission spectrography, 172-175 thickness, in x-ray emission spectrography, 162, 164-168 Satellite lines, 37 Scaling, 46... 

Fig. 7. The /iSR frequency spectrum in Si with a field of 23.5 mT applied along a (100) crystalline direction. The small satellite lines, indicated by arrows, are caused by Mu centers that have one nearest-neighbor 29Si on the (111) symmetry axis, whereas the strong main lines result from centers with no nearest-neighbor 29Si. From Kiefl et al. (1988b).

Fig. 1 Esr spectrum of di-t-butyl nitroxide in benzene. Note 13C-satellite lines...

The Intensity ratio between these satellite lines" and the main fluorescence line yields the absolute cross sections for the different collision-induced rotational transitions, provided the He pressure and the lifetime of the excited Na state are known. Both parameters have been measured, giving cross sections between = 1.5 A for A/ = 1 transitions and 6 = 0.3 A for A/ = 5... 

We have made a detailed analysis of the relation between the various corrections and shown the important role of radiative corrections for ions with high Z. The wavelengths of the Zi-like bielectronic satellite lines to the Is Sg-IsSp Pi line of radiation in K plasma are also calculated. The values calculated... 

Further we present the results of our calculations of the Li- ike iGplasma satellite lines on the basis of QED PT with ab initio zeroth-order approximation for three-quasiparticle systems, together with the optimized Dirac-Fock results and experimental data for comparison. In Table 4 there are displayed the experimental value (A) for wavelength (in A) of the Ti-like lines dielectron satellites to the ls So-ls3p Pi line of radiation in the K plasma, and the corresponding theoretical results (B) PT on 1/Z (C) QED PT (our data) (D) calculation by the AUTOJOLS method, and (E) MCDF [12, 21],... 

Lately Sokolov [11] has performed some quantum mechanical calculations of the frequencies of the hydrogen bond. From these calculations it follows that there must exist also a number of satellite lines besides the principal rOH band, the frequencies of the former being given approximately by the formula ... 

The multiplet hyperfine pattern of ESR lines in organic radicals is most frequently due to electron-proton interactions, but other nuclei with nonzero spin may also cause hyperfine structure. Weak satellite lines arising from interactions between the unpaired electron and C13 nuclei are sometimes observed C13 has and the analysis is straightforward. Nitrogen-containing radicals may show hyperfine splittings due to N14, which has 7 1. The possible Mj values are 1, 0, and -1, so that an electron... 

Snaathorst et al h 12 have investigated the acetone solvate of the salt [Cu(mnt)2]2 [MB+]2 (where MB = methylene blue) by single-crystal ESR techniques. They found that the complex consisted of dimerized aniens each with a singlet ground state and a thermally accessible triplet state. At 4.2 K, triplet-triplet interactions between dimers along the a axis were responsible for satellite lines in the ESR spectrum. 

Correlations between electrons in initial and final states lead not only to the shift of photoelectron lines, changes of their forms and redistribution of their intensities, but also to the occurrence of so-called satellite lines, corresponding to photoionization with the excitation of the other electron. Correlation effects in photoelectron spectra are caused by mixing of configurations separately in the initial state, in the final ion and in the final state of continuum. 

Radiation spectrum lines, which cannot be explained by the model of one vacancy, historically were also called satellite lines. There are cases, particularly in the long-wavelengths region, when the intensities of satellite lines become comparable to those of diagram lines, or even exceed them. Then the division of X-ray radiation into diagram and satellite lines becomes senseless. 

Many interesting features have been revealed during such studies the necessity to use various (differing from the usual LS) coupling schemes, the role of forbidden transitions, occurrence of satellite lines, unresolved transition arrays, splitting of electronic shells into subshells, etc. 

Configuration interaction was shown to be responsible for satellite lines in XPS-spectra of alkali halides 167Z If there are other final states present in the atomic system with the same configuration, i.e. same angular momentum... 

In addition to the main hyperfine components discussed above, weak satellite lines are frequently detected, which correspond to transitions normally considered to be forbidden. Under certain circumstances the selection rule, that there is no change in orientation of the nuclear spin as the electron spin changes, breaks down, and simultaneous electron-nuclear transitions can occur. These are especially strong if the electron-nuclear coupling is very anisotropic and is comparable in magnitude to the direct interaction between the external field and the nucleus, which will, in general, have a different direction from that of the anisotropic interaction. Under these conditions the nucleus is affected by both fields, and quantum restrictions break down. 

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