Plasma-produced

The hard carbon produced by this method has a range of different properties from those of plasma produced films (Table V). Note that the maximum band gap achievable with ICBD is 1.2eV at maximum hydrogenation (35 atomic %) while values up to 4eV can be obtained by plasma deposition. These wide band-gap materials are soft and easily scratched though they are more optically transparent. 

As noted earlier, electron impact reactions in the plasma produce a variety of species owing to processes such as... 

This, combined with the feasible scale-up of microwave plasma apparatus holds out the promise of larger-scale applications for plasma produced films in the corrosion protection area. 

Further designs of ion sources applied in plasma spectroscopy such as electrodeless microwave induced plasmas (MIPs) operating in a noble gas atmosphere at low power (mostly below 200 W) or capacitively coupled microwave plasma using Ar, He or N2 the as plasma gas (at 400-800 W) were described in detail by Broekaert.33 Microwave plasmas produced by a magnetron are operated at 1-5 GHz. Their special application fields for selected elements and/or element species are based (due to the low power applied) in atomic emission spectrometry.33... 

Flames and plasmas can be used as atomisation/excitation sources in OES. Electrically generated plasmas produce flame-like atomisers with significantly higher temperatures and less reactive chemical environments compared with flames. The plasmas are energised with high-frequency electromagnetic fields (radiofrequency or microwave energy) or with direct current. By far the most common plasma used in combination with OES for analytical purposes is the inductively coupled plasma (ICP). 

Figure 21-26 Emission from a plasma produced by laser irradiation of the high-temperature superconductor YBCI2CU3O7. Solid is vaporized by the laser and excited atoms and molecules such as YO emit light at characteristic wavelengths. [From w.a. warmer. "Plasma Emission from Laser Ablation of YBa2Cuj07." Appf. Phys. Lett. 1988, 52.2171]...

Tokamak A reactor used in nuclear fusion in which a spiral magnetic field inside doughnut-shaped tube is used to confine high temperature plasma produced during fusion. See Nuclear Fusion. ... 

Application of X-Ray Spectroscopy to the Study of Energy Transport in Plasma Produced by an Ultrahigh-Intensity Laser... 

Guethlein G, Food ME, Price D (1996) Electron temperature measurements of solid density plasmas produced by intense ultrashort laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 77 1055-1058... 

Jiang Z, Kieffer JC, Matte JP, Chaker M, Peyrusse O, Gilles D, Korn G, Mak-simchuk A, Coe S, Mourou G (1995) X-ray spectroscopy of hot solid density plasmas produced by subpicosecond high contrast laser pulses at 1018-1019 W/cm2. Phys Plasmas 2 1702-1711... 

Magunov AI, Pikuz TA, Skobelev IYu, Faenov AYa, Blasco F, Dorchies F, Caillaud T, Bonte C, Salin F, Stenz C, Loboda PA, Litvinenko IA, Popova VV, Baidin GV, Junkel-Vives GC, Abdallah Jr. J (2001) Influence of ultrashort laser pulse duration on the X-ray emission spectrum of plasma produced in cluster target. JETP Lett. 74 375-379... 

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