Resonant laser-produced plasma

In 1996, Nemet and Kozma showed the emission spectrometry of gold laser-produced plasma to be of interest for analytical purposes a delay time of 800-1000 ns was found to ensure nni/-thermal equilibrium and thorough atomization in the plasma. The line profiles obtained under such conditions (both resonant and Stark-broadened) were fitted to a symmetric Lorentzian curve [170]. Recently, LIBS was used in combination with effective chemometric tools to develop a determination method for gold in homogeneous samples that allows the characterization of jewellery products. The results confirmed the LIBS technique as an effective alternative to the hallmark official methods [143,144,171]. 

Theory of Atomic Processes in Strong Resonant Electromagnetic Fields, S. Swain Spectroscopy of Laser-Produced Plasmas,... 

The resonance line 4s Sq—4s5p P, of this sequence was first identified in spark spectra [1] and the line list derived from the same observations was used to discover some transitions from 4s5d and 4s5s to 4s4p [2]. In the meantime, the resonance line 4s Sq—4s4p P had been identified in laser-produced plasmas [3]. The same kind of light source was... 

The resonance lines 3d °—3d nl (nl=4p, 4f, 5p, 5f) of these ions have been measured in spark spectra and identified by means of the relativistic parametric potential method [1]. The transitions 3d 4d - 3d 4p 3d 4s are excited in laser-produced plasmas [2]. The... 

The spectra of these ions are in general complex and there are few observations. In laser-produced plasma, the palladium ions emit unresolved transition arrays (UTA) Sd — 3d Ul, and the UTA formalism applies well to the determination of average wavelength and width [9]. Rhodium has been injected in the TFR-tokamak plasma and, in the bulk of 3—3 transitions, three lines of Rh XXVII and the resonance line 3p Sq —3p 3d of... 

The resonance lines of Rh XXXVI have been observed in laser-produced plasmas and wavelengths measured for electric dipole 2s—3p and electric quadrupole 2s—3d and 2p—3p... 

The most direct and easy way consists in focusing the laser pulse onto a solid target and to collect the radiation emitted by the produced plasma. The wide emitted spectrum extends from infrared to X-rays and it is produced by different physical mechanisms Bremsstrahlung, recombination, resonant lines, K-shell emission from neutral (or partially ionized) atoms. In particular, this latter mechanism has been recognized, since a decade, as a way of producing ultrashort monochromatic radiation pulses at energy up to several keV. 

Some ion sources and fusion facilities in the plasma plane. PIG Penning Ion Gauge, ECRIS Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source, EBIS/EBIT Electron Beam Ion Source or Trap, laser plasma produced by laser ablation in solids, tokamak fusion device of light ions, fully stripped uranium ion... 

The studying of interaction between resonant radiation and a medium plays an important role in astrophysics and gas and plasma physics. Most of the research in this field has been devoted to stationary media. Sobolev [1] was the first to study the impact of macroscopic movement of gas on the transfer of resonance radiation in expanding planetary nebulae and to estimate the probability of photon escape from the medium. A further development of this approach can be found in [2]. The macroscopic movement is an important consideration when dealing with laser generation [3] or producing ultracold plasma (UCP) [4] in a laboratory. 

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