Laser plasma

The AET was used at standard tests of numerous structural materials, above all steels and cast iron, prepared are ceramic samples. Part of tested samples had qjecial sur ce layer treatments by laser, plasma nitridation and similar. Effect of special surface treatment the authors published already earlier [5,6]. In this contribution are summed up typical courses of basic dependencies, measured by the AET at contact loading. 

In this section, the wide diversity of teclmiques used to explore ion chemistry and ion structure will be outlined and a sampling of the applications of ion chemistry will be given in studies of lamps, lasers, plasma processing, ionospheres and interstellar clouds. 

Table 7.40 Principal Argon-Ion Laser Plasma Lines 7.88...

As in the case of many metal—ahoy systems, weld ductihty is not as good as that of the base metal. Satisfactory welds can be made in vanadium ahoys provided the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) are protected from contamination during welding. Satisfactory welds can be made by a variety of weld methods, including electron-beam and tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) methods. It is also likely that satisfactory welds can be made by advanced methods, eg, laser and plasma techniques (see Lasers Plasma technology). 

Ed, Principles of Laser Plasmas , Wiley (1976) A) D.P. MacDougall et al, Detonation and Fragmentation , OSRD-DF-19, Contract OEMSR-202, BuMines (1945) B) Anon,... 

Department of Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor Street 409, R76900 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania... 

A number of points are clear. First, in all cases the major expense of laser photons is the hardware, not the energy (even at Austin prices). Secondly, the intrinsically greater efficiency of the lower-energy lasers, especially the economic attractiveness of the CO2 laser, is evident. One can easily understand why laser chemistry schemes based upon multiphoton infrared absorption attract so much effort. Thirdly, on a per-unit-time basis the ion laser is more than twice as expensive to operate than even the rather exotic excimer laser. This is because of the inherent energetic inefficiency of the rare-gas plasma as a gain medium and because of the extrinsic, and hideous, expense of ion laser plasma tubes (and their poor reliability). 

Fig. 3.1. Left visible pump/X-ray probe scheme for femtosecond TRXRD experiments. Hard X-ray pulses are generated by shining intense femtosecond laser pulses on a metal target (laser plasma X-ray source). Right geometrical structure factor of bismuth as a function of inter-atomic distance for diffraction from (111) and (222) lattice planes. From [1] and [2]...

Advances in X-Ray Studies of Ultraintense Laser-Plasma Interactions... 

Indeed, most of the applications of laser-plasmas rely on the efficient production of energetic electrons driven by the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses with plasmas created from solids or gases. In fact, in these interaction conditions, laser energy is efficiently transferred to electrons generating a population of so-called fast or hot electrons. The process of fast electron generation often takes place near the critical density (the density at which the laser frequency iv0 equals the local plasma frequency wpe) surface [8, 9]... 

High Field Photonics in Laser Plasmas Propagation Studies, Electron Acceleration, and Nuclear Activation With Ultrashort Intense Laser Pulses... 

Nuclear Activation Using Electron Bunches from Laser Plasmas... 

Laser-plasma accelerators represent a unique tool for investigating matter properties at a reduced laboratory scale, compared to large-scale facilities. Nowadays, efficient electron acceleration can be provided by such table-top accelerators and can be used to perform experiments in a variety of fields. 

Laser Plasma Acceleration and Related Electromagnetic Sources... 

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