Laser applications

Ippen E 1997 Characterizing optical components for ultrafast laser applications Optics 1997/98 Catalog (Irvine, CA Newport Corp.) pp 8-2-8-3... 

D. K. Evans, ed.. Laser Applications in Physical Chemisty, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989. 

M. A. El-Sayed, ed.. Laser Applications to Chemical Dynamica, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 742, SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., 1987. 

Laser printers, bar code readers, unmanned freeway tollbooths, laser pointers—none of these very common devices would be possible ivithout laser technology. This is just a minor sampling the list of laser applications goes on and on. 

Rubahn, H. G. (1999) Laser Applications in Surface Science and Technology, John Wiley Sons, New York. 

Diddens, H. Pottier, R. H. In Abstracts, 9th International Conference on Laser Applications in Life Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania, 7-11 July, 2002 Juodka, B., Piskarskas, A., Conference Chairs Abstract 16, p 45. 

Mn + ions (3d electronic configuration) are shown to produce a broad luminescence in more than 500 inorganic compounds, covering a wavelength range from about 490 nm to about 750 nm. Although this ion is not of relevance for laser applications, it is widely used in the phosphor screens of cathode ray tubes and in fluorescent lamps. 

Yttrium aluminum borate, YAlj (603)4 (abbreviated to YAB), is a nonlinear crystal that is very attractive for laser applications when doped with rare earth ions (Jaque et al, 2003). Figure 7.9 shows the low-temperature emission spectrum of Sm + ions in this crystal. The use of the Dieke diagram (see Figure 6.1) allows to assign this spectrum to the " Gs/2 Hg/2 transitions. The polarization character of these emission bands, which can be clearly appreciated in Figure 7.9, is related to the D3 local symmetry of the Y + lattice ions, in which the Sm + ions are incorporated. The purpose of this example is to use group theory in order to determine the Stark energy-level structure responsible for this spectrum. 

Since the field of spectroscopic laser applications is so vast and the number of published papers exceedingly large, this review cannot be complete. However, the author has tried to give a reasonable survey of what has been done and to offer some ideas about what can be done in modem spectroscopy with such an interesting and stimulating invention as the laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). 

A comparison between the efficiency of excitation with lasers and mercury lamps has been undertaken by Evans etal. and Brandmuller etal. Since that time, lasers have improved considerably and a later comparison would be even more in favor of laser applications. Since several commercial laser Raman spectrometers are now available 190 ), with He-Ne lasers, Ar" or Kr -ion lasers and neodymium lasers, most current investigations employ lasers as light sources, j)... 

In this reciew the attempt is made to exhibit some of the possibilities of laser applications in modem spectroscopy. The rapid development of new laser types and the improvement of the existing models lend lasers steadily increasing importance as spectroscopic light sources, and it seems that the laser revolution is only just beginning. These laser developments lead in different directions ... 

A further aspect of laser applications is connected with holography, an important part of modem optics, increasingly used in spectroscopic investigations, too. 

Yoldas BE, Partlow PW (1985) Eormation of broad band antireflective coatings on fused silica for high power laser applications. Thin Solid Eilms 129 1-14... 

R. Mathies, A. R. Oseroff, T. B. Freedman, and L. Stryer, in Tunable Lasers, Applications, Proceedings of the Loen Conference , Springer Series Optical Science, 1976, p. 294. 

Laser Applications in Physical Chemistry, edited by D. K. Evans Laser-Induced Plasmas and Applications, edited by Leon J. Radziemski and David A. Cremers... 

Tunable Laser Applications, Second Edition, Frank Duarte... 

The luminescence of diamonds is related to various defects in its structure. Almost always, luminescence centers in diamonds are related to N atoms. It is logical, because the atomic radii of C and N are nearly equal (approximately 0.77 A). Luminescence spectroscopy has proven to be the most widely used method in studies of diamonds even in comparison with optical absorption, ESR, IR and Raman spectroscopies. Himdreds of spectra have been obtained, fluorescence characteristics enter into diamond quality gemological certificates, a wide range of electronic and laser applications are based on diamond optical properties in excited states nitrogen center aggregation is controlled by the residence time of diamond in the mantle, distinction between natural... 

Selenium chalcogenide glasses exhibit good infrared transmission properties. These are used as lenses (ZnSe, CdSe) in laser applications and have potential applications in fiber optics (qv) and in data storage and retrieval. 

Photography -Photogrammetry -UV Ruorescence Photography" -Non divestment laser applications" v — i... 

Asmus FJ (2003) Non-divestment laser applications in art conservation. J Cult Herit 4 289-293. 

An example of radiative transfer of energy between rare earth ions in glass was given by Cabezas and DeShazer (43). They suggest that the process might have potential laser applications. 

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