Lapping, definition

The finish of flange facings varies with the manufacturer. For raised-face or male mating surfaces the finish usually consists of a continuous spiral groove formed by a round-nosed tool or a V tool (serrated finish). Female surfaces are smooth-finished (i.e., without definite tool markings). Other finishes are concentric-grooved, lapped, or mirror (cold-water). The latter two are usually for application without gaskets. 

The Laplace transform of a time-dependent variable X(t) is denoted by Lap X t) or x(5) and is defined by means of the definite integral over the positive time domain ... 

We are all familiar with forces between bodies on a macroscopic scale. If one sits at their desk on earth pondering the view and inadvertently lets go of their lunch sandwich it falls until it lands on your manuscript, your lap or the floor—right Better yet, a cannonball and a softball fall at the same rate. It is the definition of gravity . Long after the Tower of Pisa experiments, we discovered why the moon is in seemingly stable orbit around the earth and the earth around the sun is related to forces between bodies. We are also familiar with electrostatic forces and their effects. Dust from the air in the room is attracted to the screen of everyone s TV because of the electrostatic charge it develops. It would seem reasonable that attraction occurs on a smaller scale and even on a molecular scale that does not involve energies on the order of true chemical bonds. 

The ion activity product (lAP) is a measure of the activity of ions present in the solvent. By definition, the activity of a mineral phase (if present) is unity. Thus the amount of precipitate does not affect the reaction between the solid and the... 

And again, discussing aes (here meaning bronze or brass), It is also made from a stone containing aes (e lap-ide aeroso) which they call cadmia. As any definite knowledge of the composition of ores was lacking in Pliny s time, this statement may be interpreted as meaning that one of the raw materials from which brass was made was a stone called cadmia. 

Positive definite means that the matrix when left- and right-multiplied by an arbitrary vector will yield a nonnegative scalar. If the matrix multiplied by a vector composed of forces is proportional to a flux, it implies that the flux always has a positive projection on the force vector. Technically, one should say that Lap is nonnegative definite but the meaning is clear. 

Among the first practical applications, research studies have been interested to fathom possible potentials and limitations of LAPS-based measurements. One distinguishing feature of the LAPS is its spatial resolution. The resolution of a LAPS system is limited by several factors such as the definition of the light source (e.g., wavelength, beam diameter, beam divergence, beam intensity, etc.) and the LAPS geometry of the build-up (layer scheme, layer thickness, material properties,... 

You can use the motor of the Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) (see entry274), keeping it on your lap to ensure a constant supply of purified air. In general, maintain a lot of distance between you and the cars in front of you and avoid rush hour traffic. Definitely have someone else fill your car with gas or wear a mask while filling up (or drive an electric car). 

Conventional airflow (also known as turbulent, or non-unidirectional airflow) incorporates HEPA filters, located in-duct, or as room terminal filtration modules (TPMs Fig. 5). Often confused with LAP, conventional airflow does not meet that definition because it allows multiple-pass circulating characteristics or a non-parallel airflow direction, or both. This type of airflow is incapable of producing first air, and is normally used as secondary or buffer filtration in treating a processing or compounding space that contains laminar airflow devices (LAFDs) to maintain primary critical work surface conditions, or in treating other... 

For purposes of this chapter, we define a pathway as a description of the mechanism of the typical process by which a cellular or organismic function is realized. This definition makes two points. First, a pathway is not a mechanism, but a description of mechanisms, that is, it exists as a model subject to our investigative needs and not as an entity itself. Second, a pathway must have functional interpretations, that is, it must correspond to a goal or need we can identify in the cell or organism. Thus this definition does not provide a purely objective criterion but tosses the problem into the laps of people who want to define function at the cellular or organismic level. It also removes from consideration any sequence of biochemical interactions that do not have such an interpretation. 

Loppi and Nascimbene (1998) obtained the lowest values according to the Index of Atmospheric Purity (lAP) for an area which encompasses the geothermal power plant, up to a distance of about 500 m. The overall pattern of rising lAP values with the decrease of distance from geothermal power plants was definitely related to air contamination by geothermal installations. This pollution was the major cause of the observed zonation of lichen communities. H2S was assumed to be the major contaminant responsible for lichen decline around geothermal power plants. 

Thus, lAP is, like diphtheria and cholera toxins, a protein toxin with an A-B structure. The holotoxin is bound to particular sites on the cell surface via its B-oligomer moiety as the first step of its interaction with mammalian cells. The A-protomer (or holotoxin itself) is then inserted to the plasma membrane traversing the lipid bilayer gradually. This slow process of the entrance of the toxin molecule is reflected in a definite lag time invariably preceding the onset of the action of lAP on intact cells as analyzed with rat pancreatic islets by kinetic and immunological approaches [25]. The A-protomer is finally activated by certain processing enzyme(s) inside the membrane to catalyze ADP-ribosylation of the target membrane protein with intracellular NAD as substrate. 

We can define restraints as any manual method, physical device, or mechanical device used to restrict the freedom of movanent or normal access to one s body. Due to an increasing number of reports of injury and death associated with the incorrect use of patient restraints, the IDA warns health professionals to ensure the safe use of these devices. Restraints can include safety vests, lap belts, wheelchair belts, and body holders. Incorrect use of these devices can involve using the wrong size for a patient s weight, errors in securing restraints, and inadequate patient monitoring. Such mistakes can result in fractures, bums, and strangulations. We can simply define a restraint as any manual method, physical device, mechanical device, material, or equipment attached or adjacent to a patient or resident s body that restricts freedom of movement or normal access to one s body. Under this functional definition, other devices or facility practices also may meet the... 

The saturation of water refers to the solubility product of a compound. By definition, the ion-activity product (lAP) of reactants—i.e., Oca2+ and 00032- when CaCOs is the sealant—is, at equilibrium, equal to K,p-. 

Curiously, this very disadvantage is also an advantage since no-one really believes that the average shear stress means anything fundamental while in other tests with apparently more precisely controlled conditions, it is common for misleadingly definite values to be quoted. Also, the complex stress situation which pertains in the single-lap test makes it quite representative of many structural applications and loading situations. This test is widely used, often abused, but remains one of the most trusted standards. 

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