Langerhan’s cells

B- and T-lymphocytes Polymorphonuclear leukocytes Astrocytes Langerhan s cells Brain microglial cells Various transformed cell lines... 

Corbett, J. A., Kwon, G., Misko, T. P., Rodi, C. P., and McDaniel, M. L. (1994). Tyrosine kinase involvement in lL-l/3-induced expression of iNOS by /S-cells purified from islets of Langerhans. Am. J. Physiol. 267, C48-54. 

FIGURE 23-24 The endocrine system of the pancreas. In addition to the exocrine cells (see Fig. 18—3b), which secrete digestive enzymes in the form of zymogens, the pancreas contains endocrine tissue, the islets of Langerhans. The islets contain a, /3, and S cells (also known as A, B, and D cells, respectively), each cell type secreting a specific polypeptide hormone. 

Thus polyhydroxylated triterpenes from E. japonica are very active as hypoglycemic agents. Noreen and Villar (38,39) proposed that the crude alcoholic extract of E. japonica and tormentic acid act by stimulating Langerhan s p cells which results in an increased insulin release because the crude extract and tormentic acid are inactive in alloxan-treated animals. The action mechanism of S and 7 seems to be analogous. Studies are in progress to delineate this mechanism more precisely. 

Langerhans histiocytosis cells express S-100, fascin, CDla, and CD31. 

INSULIN PRODUCTION The islet of Langerhans contains four major ceU types, each of which synthesizes and secretes a distinct polypeptide hormone insulin in the j3 (B) cell, glucagon in the a (A) cell, somatostatin in the S (D) cell, and pancreatic polypeptide in the PP or F cell. The P cells make up 60-80% of the islet and form its central core with the a, 6 and F cells in a discontinuous mantle around this core. The geographical organization of islet cells facilitates coordinated control of groups of cells. Blood in the islet flows from the j3 cells to a and S cells. Thus, the j3 cell is the primary glucose sensor for the islet, and the other cell types presumably are exposed to particularly high concentrations of insulin. 

Adequate permeability for diffusion of essential nutrients (e.g., oxygen and glucose for islets of Langerhans) and cell secretory products (such as insulin, metabolic waste) Impermeability to secreted antibodies of the host s immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and glycoproteins after complement activation ... 

Zaitseva, M., Blauvelt, A., Lee, S., Lapham, C. K., Klaus-Kovtun, V., Mostowski, H., Manischewitz, J., and Golding, H. (1997). Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human langerhans cells and macrophages Implications for HIV primary infection. Nature Medicine 3 1369-1375. 

Romani N, Koide S, Crowley M. Witmer-Pack M. Livingstone AM, Fathman CG. Inaba K. Steinman RM Presentation of exogenous protein antigens by dendritic cells to T cell clones. Intact protein is presented best by immature, epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 1989 169 1169-1178. 18... 

Wollenberg A. Kraft S. Hanau D. Bieber T Immuno-morphological and ultrastructural characterization of Langerhans cells and a novel, inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell population in lesional skin of atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 1996 106 446-453. 

Down s syndrome Bloom s syndrome Fanconi s anemia Klinefelter s syndrome Ataxia telangiectasia Langerhans cell histiocytosis Shwachman s syndrome Severe combined... 

Katz, S.I., Tamaki, K. and Sachs, D.H., Epidermal Langerhans cells are derived from cells originating in bone marrow, Nature, 282, 324, 1979. 

Aiba, S. et al, In vitro treatment of human transforming growth factor-betal-treated monocyte-derived dendritic cells with haptens can induce the phenotypic and functional changes similar to epidermal Langerhans cells in the initiation phase of allergic contact sensitivity reaction, Immunology, 101, 68, 2000. 

Ingested arsenic localizes to the skin [2, 7], where it may alter cutaneous immune responses. The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was suppressed in Bowen s disease patients [8], Langerhans cells (LC) in skin lesions and perilesioned skin from arsenic-induced Bowen s disease and carcinomas were reduced in number and were morphologically altered, having a notable loss of dendrites [9], These data suggest that chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water may... 

Wang, B. et al., Quantitative and Morphological Changes of Langerhans Cells in Bowen s Disease from Patients with Chronic Arsenicism, J. Formos. Med. Assoc., 90, 1093, 1991. 

Ohtani T, Aiba S, Mizuashi M, Mollah ZU, Nakagawa S, Tagami H H, and H2 histamine receptors are absent on Langerhans cells and present on dermal dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol 2003 121 1073-1079. 

Laychock, S. G., Modica, M. E., and Cavanaugh, C. T. (1991). L-arginine stimulates cyclic guanosine 3, 5 -monophosphate formation in rat islets of Langerhans and RlNm5F insulinoma cells Evidence for L-arginine Nitric oxide synthase. Endocrinology (Baltimore) 129, 3043-3052. 

Palmer, j. P., Helqvist, S., Spinas, G. A., Molvig, J., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Andersen, H. U., and Nerup, J. (1989). Interactions of 3-cell activity and IL-1 concentration and exposure time in isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Diabetes 38, 1211-1216. 

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