Land use scenarios

Hoogwijk, M., Faaij, A., Eickhout, B., de Vries, B. and Turkenburg, W. (2005). Potential of biomass energy out to 2100, for four IPCC SRES land-use scenarios. Biomass and Bioenergy, 29 (4), 225-257. 

European Environmental Agency (2007) Land-use scenarios for Europe qualitative and quantitative analysis on a European scale (PRELUDE), EAA Technical report No 9/2007, ISBN 987-92-9167-927-0, http //www.eea.europa.eu/publications/technical report 2007 9... 

A baseline risk assessment is conducted to assess the potential human health and environmental impacts associated with soil contamination. The primary exposure pathways evaluated for explosives contaminated surface soils are dust inhalation, soil ingestion, and dermal absorption. Reasonable Maximum Exposure (RME) concentrations are based on the 95% upper confidence interval (UCI) on the arithmetic mean of soil sampling data. The land use scenarios quantitatively evaluated may include industrial and residential use, utilizing EPA standard default exposure parameters. 

CLEA considers a number of land use scenarios. Ferguson and Denner12 reported that early versions considered ... 

The final version of CLEA is likely not to consider all of the above. The land use scenario determines which exposure pathways are relevant, who the critical receptor is, and what their activity patterns are. Guideline values are derived for each land use scenario. The Residential with gardens land use scenario is the most sensitive scenario and the Commercial and industrial scenario the least sensitive because of which pathways are considered. As the guideline values are generic, a reasonable worst case is assumed. They may not therefore be suitable for every site. For instance, the Parks, playing fields and open spaces land use has the same... 

The land use scenario and contaminant determine which pathways are considered. The contribution individual pathways make to the overall exposure varies according to the contaminant and the site conditions since contaminant fate and transport depends on physicochemical properties. Martin and Ferguson23,24 describe the basis for uptake through the consumption of home-grown vegetables. 

The critical receptor depends on the land use scenario. The exposure and averaging periods vary according to who the critical receptor is, and whether the contaminant is being treated as a carcinogen or a non-carcinogen. 

Wurbs, A. Kersebaum, K. C. Merz, Ch. (1999) Quantification of leached pollutants into the groundwater caused by agricultural land use - scenarios as a method for - quantitative risk assessment of groundwater pollution. In Integrated Watershed Management in the Global Ecosystem, CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, 239-250. 

B. Commercial laboratory methods can be used to detect 10 of the 14 radionuclides at concentrations equivalent to risk levels in the lE-4 to lE-6 residual risk range for residential land use scenarios. Four of the 14 radionuclides evaluated cannot be detected using standard practices at commercial laboratories because their minimum detectable concentration is greater than the concentration required to achieve the lE-6 risk level for residential land use scenario (1-129, Ra-226, Tc-99, and Th-232). 

Commercial laboratory detection capability is currently not available to measure some radionuclides present in soil at DOE sites at the concentrations needed to meet the lE-4 to lE-6 residual risk levels for residential land use scenario. 

For the purposes of these field studies, a test system is defined as a specific tract of land managed in part through use of pesticides. Test systems are normally limited to one crop or land use type and may include row crops, grains, fruits or golf courses. The tract of land, of course, has associated biota that are present naturally or as part of the management practices. These biota are also part of the test system and are normally described as test species or species of interest. Selection of test systems is critical to evaluate wildlife exposure scenarios in a sufficient number of sites within appropriate geographic regions. 

Next plans should more reflect the understanding of the interactions and dependencies of the aquatic and land systems with their individual drivers and pressures (e.g. increased irrigation and change in land use). By achieving this, they will be prepared to better prioritise measures to be taken, assess their effectiveness and to take into account the impact of potential future scenarios within the river basins. 

The SQSs can also be dependent on land use. In the derivation of human health risk-based SQSs, for example, different exposure scenarios are appropriate for different land uses. Moreover, the type of data utilized [e.g., EC(D)50 versus EC(D)10], the volume and quality of data required to derive an SQS, and the overall level... 

Pro BH, Hammerschlag R, Mazza P (2005) Energy and land use impacts of sustainable transportation scenarios. J Clean Prod 13 1309-1319... 

Jepsen JU, Topping CJ, Odderskaer P, Andersen PN. 2005. Evaluating consequences of land-use strategies on wildlife populations using multiple-species predictive scenarios. Agric Ecosyst Environ 105 581-594. 

A possible way to overcome the problem of unknown (or changing) boundary conditions is to integrate and describe possible changes in climate, water and land use management in the form of scenarios, where readily validated models can be used to evaluate the possible impacts on tlie water quantity and quality under scenario conditions. 

The scenario(s) may be chosen by experts or obtained by running models that describe the processes producing the driving forces e.g. the future scenario of rainfall can be produced by a climate model, while the future scenario of land use is often proposed by an expert (Soncini-Sessa et al., 2007a, 2007b). 

Process-based modelling to explore mechanisms and run scenarios based on catchment-scale projections of climate, land use and pollution change. 

---