Future Scenarios

A low-energy-future scenario envisioned in the late 1970s. By 2000, the energy being consumed from petroleum, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power were all on the rise, and renewable energy supplied a smaller fraction of total energy. 

Table 17-1 Expressions used to derive radiative forcing for past trends and future scenarios of greenhouse concentrations (IPCC, 1990)...

This chapter aims to review current knowledge on the effects of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inputs (as major nutrient point sources) on stream nutrient dynamics, with major emphasis on nutrient loads and in-stream nutrient retention, and to discuss its implications within the context of actual and future scenarios of water scarcity conditions. Following this introduction, the second section of this chapter describes water quality problems associated with wastewater inputs from urban areas and how they are faced within the context of increasing urbanization across the world and its higher impact on water availability. In the third section, we... 

Distributed Manufacturing - A Conceptual Study of Future Scenarios... 

Figure 1.35 Current state of scientific and market implementation of micro reactors and optimistic future scenario. Micro reactors are today a device market and are technology driven (top). The future scenario is under market pull and will ask for more plant/total-system solutions (bottom).

Post SG (1999). Future scenarios for the prevention and delay of Alzheimer Disease onset in high-risk groups An ethical perspective. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 16, 105-110. 

The article by Darba and Rovira13 is an overview of the problem of parallel trade in the EU, extracted from the former s doctoral thesis, and with an additional section on possible future scenarios. 

In Chapter one, we have introduced our view of the current refining scenario extrapolation from this may lead to a view of the future scenario. However, the oil refining scenario might be different if a holistic view of the fuel manufacturing business is considered. 

The time taken for biotechnological developments in oil refining has been, so far, very long. However, it should be noted that the MB and GE advances have only been recent and the magnitude of involvement and efforts by the oil industry itself has not been substantial. Assuming a more proactive involvement of the oil industry, the incorporation of modern tools and the building of the much needed multidisciplinary team, the developmental time should decrease. Nevertheless, any current development has to be oriented to address the issues that will come up in stated future scenarios, such as the integrated bio-oil-refineries of the future. 

Fig. 2 Study area, digital elevation model and subcatchments used for the hydrological simulations, along with the location of the gauging stations of precipitation, air temperature and stream-flows. Yellow polygons indicate the location of the four subcatchments selected for carrying out the hydrological simulations during the control and the future scenarios described in Sect. 6...

Mm3/year returned, between the Ebro and the Saja-Besaya River basins [35]. This water transfer was only introduced during the future scenarios, with a constant consumptive water transfer to the Saja-Besaya basin of 2.183 Mm3/month. 

The hydrological simulations for the future time-slice 2071-2100 were performed using the bias-corrected daily time series derived from the two different climate scenarios described in Table 4 as external forcing, and the hydrological parameters obtained during the calibration and verification period described in Sect. 6.1. One operational modification was made to the simulation of subcatchment 057, where a withdrawal corresponding to the Ebro-Besaya water transfer, described in Sect. 6.1, was allowed to remove water outside the catchment. This water transfer was introduced only for the simulations of the future scenarios, while the... 

For the future scenarios (SCEN), all of the RCM experiments for the Ebro indicate that temperatures are projected to increase throughout the whole year with the largest increases in summer months [35]. There is considerable uncertainty as to the magnitude of the change in the ensemble with the driving GCM responsible for a substantial part of the large range in projected temperature increase (Fig. 5a). 

Haylock MR, Cawley GC, Harpham C, Wilby RL, Goodess CM (2006) Downscaling heavy precipitation over the United Kingdom a comparison of dynamical and statistical methods and their future scenarios. Int J Climatol 26 1397-1415... 

There exist other models to, for instance, assess aquifers status and future scenarios. As an example, the chloride concentrations (salinity) in the Llobregat aquifers have been investigated [14]. The model applied in this approach was proven to be useful for the following ... 

Next plans should more reflect the understanding of the interactions and dependencies of the aquatic and land systems with their individual drivers and pressures (e.g. increased irrigation and change in land use). By achieving this, they will be prepared to better prioritise measures to be taken, assess their effectiveness and to take into account the impact of potential future scenarios within the river basins. 

Chapter eight discusses the power and energy and transportation future which includes hydrogen and fuel cells. Related topics involve renewables and solar satellite power. The chapter concludes several possible future scenarios and trends in nuclear power. 

In order to focus the ethical analysis it will be useful to outline two possible future scenarios for the use of pharmacogenetics in drug development, a "business-as-usual" scenario and a "fundamental change" scenario. 

Regulation of Emissions, Future Scenarios and Impact of Climate Change. 155... 

The distribution of stressors in the environment can be described using measurements, models, or a combination of the two. If stressors have already been released, direct measurements of environmental media or a combination of modeling and measurement is preferred. However, a modeling approach may be necessary if the assessment is intended to predict future scenarios or if measurements are not possible or practicable. 

While they need to be aware of the situation of the company on the basis of historical data, they must also be capable of projecting future scenarios for the company in a multifaceted and multivariate environment with independently moving elements and competitors who will react to any change made by the company. Plans made to change the company must be flexible. 

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