Lacerations

The ASA (now ANSI) performance code for Safety Glazing Materials was revised in 1966 to incorporate these improvements in windshield constmction. The addition of test no. 26 requiring support of a 2.3-kg ball dropped from 3.7 m defined this level of improvement. It was based on a correlation estabUshed between 10-kg, instmmented, head-form impacts on windshields, on 0.6 x 0.9-m flat laminates, and the standard 0.3 x 0.3-m laminate with the 2.3-kg ball (28). Crash cases involving the two windshield interlayer types were matched for car impact speeds and were compared (29). The improved design produced fewer, less extensive, and less severe facial lacerations than those produced in the pre-1966 models. 

Approved indications FDA-approved in May, 2000, as lung sealant. FDA-approved in 1998 for skin closure of external lacerations and simple incisions. Avoid high tension. FDA-approved in December, 2001, as an adjunct in vascular surgical anastomoses. 

At present there is only one commercially available tissue adhesive with approved on-label indications for skin closure. 2-Octyl-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond, Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ) is presently indicated for skin closure in wounds which are not under extreme tension. This tissue adhesive is approved for topical skin application only. It is not indicated for internal use. The material is useful in closing traumatic skin lacerations [4,5] after wounds have been thoroughly cleaned as well as for minimally invasive surgical incisions and even larger surgical incisions in elective cases. The cyanoacrylate is applied while the skin... 

Quinn, J., Drzewiecki, A., Li, M., Stiell, I., Sutcliffe, T., Elmsiie, T. and Wood, W., A randomized, controlled trial comparing a tissue adhesive with suturing in the repair of pediatric facial lacerations. Ann. Emerg. Med., 22, 1130-1135 (1993). 

The new hand protection standard resulted from OSHA s belief that many hand injuries result from not wearing hand protection or wearing protection for the wrong type of hazards. Employers should evaluate and provide hand protection when there are hazards to hands from absorption of harmful substances, severe cuts or lacerations, severe abrasions, punctures, chemical burns, thermal burns, and harmful temperature extremes. 

Zerreibung,/. pulverization, trituration, zerreissbar, a. capable of being tom or rent, zerrelssen, v.t. tear, lacerate, break, rend, rupture wear out. 

Pain from associated injuries (e.g., tongue lacerations, dislocated shoulder, head trauma, facial trauma)... 

It is important to remember that adverse effects of topical corticosteroids may be systemic in nature and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression can occur, especially when high-potency corticosteroids are used. Infants and small children may be more susceptible due to their increased skin sur-face body mass ratio.18 Topical corticosteroids may also cause striae, skin atrophy, acne, telangiectasias, and rosacea.2,10,18 Atrophy can result in thin, fragile, easily lacerated skin. Striae are caused by tearing of dermal connective tissue and are irreversible.18 Due to their significant adverse-effect profile, it has been recommended that no topical corticosteroid be used regularly for more than 4 weeks without review and reassessment.2... 

Hematological Effects. Persistent clinical lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in a 64-year-old man exposed to 241 Am when an ion-exchange column containing about 100 g of241 Am exploded in his face (Filipy et al. 1995). The explosion resulted in contact exposure through the intact and lacerated skin and presumed inhalation exposure (see Sections 3.2.3.1 and 3.2.3.2 for additional information regarding this accident). 

There are three problems with this adverse events summary. First, HEADACHE and HEDACHE are counted as separate events even though it is clear that the latter is simply a misspelling of the former. Second, MI and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION are considered as separate events even though the former is simply an abbreviation of the latter. Finally, LIGHTHEADEDNESS/FACIAL LACERATION refers to perhaps related but different adverse events that need to be counted separately. All three of these problems exist because the data were entered in free-text fashion. 

You can see the benefit of coding the adverse events in the resulting summary. The headaches and myocardial infarctions are grouped appropriately, and splitting lightheadedness and facial laceration into separate events leads to those data being summarized separately as well. 

To provide cold therapy for cuts, bruises, sprains, and lacerations, an instant ice pack for first-aid treatment uses a chemical reaction that requires heat in order to occur. An instant Ice-Pack contains two compartments — one containing liquid water, the other a solid. The pack is activated by squeezing the liquid compartment to break an inner seal that permits the mixing of the two compartments. Heat is withdrawn from the surroundings by the reacting chemicals, lowering the temperature of the ice-pack contents. 

These data, taken together, demonstrate that topical application of rifaximin represents an effective and safe treatment of pyogenic skin infections. An additional application of this dermatological formulation would be infection prophylaxis in superficial skin wounds, particularly when used with a dressing that occludes the wound. Prophylactic topical antibiotic use makes particular sense for wounds in which the risk of infection is high, such as those that are likely to be contaminated (accidental wounds, lacerations, abrasions, and burns). Because all traumatic wounds should be considered contaminated, topical antibiotics are a logical measure to prevent wound... 

A 29- year-old male requires suturing for a deep laceration in his palm. He is allergic to benzocaine. Which of the following local anesthetics could safely be used ... 

A 4>-year-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis is seen in the ED because of a laceration of the scalp. Of the following local anesthetics, which would potentially be toxic ... 

Nerve agents are hazardous through any route of exposure including inhalation, exposure of the skin and eye, ingestion, and broken, abraded, or lacerated skin (e.g., penetration of skin by debris). 

In general, toxins do not have good warning properties. They are nonvolatile and do not have an odor. Although some toxins irritate the skin and eyes, in most cases they do not. Many neurotoxins will produce severe pain in contact with any abrasion or laceration. 

There is also a significant hazard posed by injection of toxins through contact with contaminated debris. Appropriate protection to avoid any potential laceration or puncture of the skin is essential. 

In the event that dermally hazardous toxins have been released, responders should wear a Level A protective ensemble. Also, because of the extreme hazard posed by toxin aerosols to any area of cut or lacerated skin, responders should wear a Level A protective ensemble whenever there is any potential for exposure to airborne agent. 

---