Trauma lacerations

Pain from associated injuries (e.g., tongue lacerations, dislocated shoulder, head trauma, facial trauma)... 

In the event of a terrorist attack, people will suffer physical and psychological trauma. Physical effects will include the effects of exposure to any explosion—broken bones, burns, shock, lacerations, and so forth. These may be compounded by the presence of radioactive contamination and, in some cases, radiation illness. In addition, any terrorist attack will, by definition, inflict psychological trauma, and medical personnel must be prepared to receive many patients who are worried, panicked, or suffering psychosomatically in spite of being physically well. In the aftermath of a terrorist attack, even a simple headache or anxiety attack may be seen as evidence of radiation sickness. 

Trichiasis is an acquired condition in which some or all of the eyelashes are directed inward toward the globe. It is most often the result of aging however, it may also be caused by an inflammatory process or trauma that causes scarring and fibrosis around the eyelash follicles at the lid margin. Potential etiologies include cicatricial conjimctivi-tis, trachoma, herpes simplex and herpes zoster, chronic blepharitis, lacerations, burns, and postsurgical procedures. 

Direct trauma is the most frequent cause of conjunctival abrasions, contusions, or lacerations. The nature of the contact usually determines what type of woimd the patient suffers. For example, a thrown object may cause only a contusion, whereas a sharp pencil point can lacerate the conjunctiva. 

In addition to an assessment of language and cognitive abilities, the physical examination also should assess motor, sensory, and reflex abnormalities and pupillary response, asymmetry, and posturing on neurologic examination. Because generalized seizures may cause physical injury, the patient should be examined for secondary injuries (e.g., tongue lacerations, shoulder dislocations, head trauma, and facial trauma). 

Head Soft tissue injury Tender, thickened, or pulseless temporal artery Obliteration of flow through the trochlear artery with compression of the preauricular or supraorbital vessels Anhidrosis Tongue laceration Head trauma Temporal arteritis ICA occlusion or severe stenosis with retrograde ophthalmic flow CCA dissection with damage to sympathetic fibers or brainstem stroke with interruption of sympathetic tract Consider seizure as the cause of the neurologic deterioration... 

Fig. 13.1. Ultrasound with Doppler in a patient after a bicycle trauma. Doppler shows high systolic velocity of 73 cm/s. Color Doppler demonstrates a fistula (black arrow) within a well-circumscribed hypoechoic hematoma or laceration in the corpus...

OTVI = the obstetric trauma (vaginal with instrumentation) indicator, ttio = the number of principal or secondary diagnoses of fourth-degree perineal, high vaginal, or cervical lacerations or procedures to repair any of these lacerations. 

The integumentary system (i.e., the skin) serves multiple functions in preserving homeostasis. Several of these functions, if disrupted, could result in fluid volume imbalance. The skin also provides invaluable data related to disturbance in sensory or circulatory status. Any injury to the skin, such as a laceration or tearing from trauma or friction, will disrupt the function of the skin. Five main physical functions of the skin include... 

Traumatic ICD may develop after acute skin trauma, such as burns, lacerations and acute ICD. Patients should be asked whether they have cleansed their skin with strong soaps or detergents. The syndrome is characterised by eczematous lesions and delayed... 

Post-traumatic stenoses occur after direct trauma or rupture of the urethral canal due to pelvic fracturing, with laceration of the perineal muscles. They differ from inflammatory stenoses to the extent that they affect different areas of the urethral tract and are normally one-off short-lived episodes. 

In trauma of the kidney, excretory-phase imaging after 3 to 10 min can provide valuable information about the extent of the injury into the renal collection system (Fig. 42.3) (Park et al. 2006). When injuries to the spleen and liver are present, late-phase images help to plan interventions because they allow differentiating pseudoaneurysms from lacerations and active contrast material extravasations (Marmery and Shanmuganathan 2006). 

Traumatic ICD Slowly developing after trauma Variable Bums, lacerations with tdleigen exposure... 

Other causes of saccular aneurysm formation include trauma and iatrogenic injury from percutaneous or surgical interventions. Any focal insult, perforation, or laceration can lead to pseudoaneurysm formation. These aneurysms are often symptomatic due to hemorrhage, pain, and hypotension that occur. Iatrogenic injuries will be discussed in a separate chapter of this text. 

Fig. 20.7. Massive EPX with hemodynamic instability following maxillofacial trauma. A large false aneurysm due to a vascular laceration of the distal internal maxillary artery (asterisk) is detected. After microcatheterization of the pathological arterial segment, it is embolized with proximal glue deposition, with rapid hemodynamic stabilization and control of the EPX...

Any evidence of trauma, such as bruising, abrasions, or lacerations, should be noted, as should scars that may indicate an old injury or surgery of the neck. 

Acute trauma will usually have an easily obtained history from the patient. Occupation, a variety of sports, vehicular accidents, falls onto the arm, twisting of the arm, and blows to the upper extremity account for most of the causes of acute trauma. Observation is most helpful in identifying cases not reported by the patient bruises, abrasions, lacerations, and swelling are some of the items to be noted. 

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