Infections Klebsiella pneumoniae

Respiratoiy Tract Infections Klebsiella pneumoniae Killed 2.5 ppm... 

Fungal Infections Although fxmgal upper respiratory tract colonisation and infections are known adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids, only recently a fxmgal lower respiratory fracf infection, and more specifically a case of Candida pneumonia in a neonate, was attributed to ICS [11 ]. The neonate received inhaled beclomethasone therapy (400 xg, six times a day) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. After 20 days of freafment, the patient developed a lower respiratory tract infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in fhe fracheal aspirate and treated with amnxirillin-clavulanate without clinical improvement. A week later, bronchoscopy was performed and extended candidiasis was found and treated successfully with fluconazole. Candida pneumonia secondary to airway colonisation is rare and in this case, it was likely provoked by the ICS treatment. 

Meropenem (Merrem IV) inhibits syndiesis of die bacterial cell wall and causes die deadi of susceptible cells. This drug is used for intra-abdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and odier susceptible organisms Meropenem also is effective against bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Hemophilus influenzae. 

Arsenicals were ineffective in controlling certain bacterial and viral infections. Mice experimentally infected with bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonias) or viruses (pseudorabies, encephalitis, encephalmyocarditis) showed a significant increase in mortality when treated with large doses of arsenicals compared to nonarsenic-treated groups (NAS 1977 Aranyi et al. 1985). 

The principal infecting organism is Escherichia coli, but Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae account for some infections. Untreated bacteri-uria may result in pyelonephritis, preterm labor, preeclampsia, transient renal failure, and low birth weight. 

The urinary pathogens in complicated or nosocomial infections may include E. coli, which accounts for less than 50% of these infections, Proteus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci, and enterococci. Candida spp. have become common causes of urinary infection in the critically ill and chronically catheterized patient. 

Miller, S., and R. Ehrlich. Susceptibility to respiratory infections of animals exposed to ozone. Susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Infect. Dis. 103 145-149, 1958. 

Mild to moderate uncomplicated or complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis.- 0.5 to 1 g IV/IM q 12 h 7 to 10... 

Intra-abdominal infections Complicated appendicitis and peritonitis caused by viridans group streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacterioides fragilis, Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron, and Peptostreptococcus sp. 

Urinary tract infections Urinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated), including pyelonephritis and cystitis (initial and recurrent) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter sp., and Serratia marcescens. 

Meropenem (Merrem) is another carbapenem antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity comparable to that of imipenem. A methyl group attached at the one-position on the five-member ring confers stability to dehydropeptidase 1. Consequently, meropenem does not require administration with cilastatin. When compared in human trials, imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem achieve similar clinical outcomes in patients with serious intraabdominal and soft tissue infections. Both imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem are used to treat infections caused by highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing ESBLs.The major cUnicaUy relevant distinction between imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem... 

A combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is effective treatment for a wide variety of infections including P jiroveci pneumonia, shigellosis, systemic salmonella infections, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and some nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. It is active against most Staphylococcus aureus strains, both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant, and against respiratory tract pathogens such as the pneumococcus, Haemophilus sp, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (but not Mycoplasma pneumoniae). However, the increasing prevalence of strains of E coli (up to 30% or more) and pneumococci that are resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole must be considered before using this combination for empirical therapy of upper urinary tract infections or pneumonia. 

Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia urinary tract infection 3rd-generation cephalosporin an aminoglycoside Cefuroxime ciprofloxacin ofloxacin ampicillin/ sulbactam amoxicillin/ clavulanate imipenem meropenem trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole... 

Outbreaks of disease have been caused by those with artificial fingernails. In 2004 there was an outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae among premature babies in a US intensive care unit, caused by bacteria from a nurse s artificial nails. A few years previously it was Pseudomonas aeruginosa that threatened several newborn babies in a New York hospital and this was traced to the same cause. In Canada three patients who had had surgery on their spinal cord developed Candida infections of the spinal disks and this was traced to an operating theatre technician who had artificial nails. An intensive care unit in Oklahoma City saw 16 patients die as a result of contracting Pseudomonas aeruginosa from two nurses who had artificial nails. Thankfully such outbreaks are now extremely rare. 

Jarvis, V.R., Munn, V.P., Highsmith, A.K., Culver, D.H., Hughes, J.M. The epidemiology of nosocomial infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Control 6 (1985) 68-74. 

Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in mice after intravenous treatment (Meisel and Schlimme, 1996). The mechanism by which milk protein derived peptides exert their immunomodulatory effects is not yet defined. However, opioid peptides may affect the immunoreactivity of lymphocytes via the opiate receptor. There is a remarkable relationship between the immune system and opioid peptides, because opioid p, receptors for endorphins are present on T lymphocytes and human phagocytic leukocytes (Meisel, 1998). 

Due to its powerful specific activity against commonly isolated community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens [33,149-158], including penicillin-sensitive and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis and atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae and anaerobic bacteria [159-162], moxifloxacin was developed as a respiratory tract anti-infective [163-168]. 

---