Kinetic and in vivo

Tadayoni, B.M., Friden, P.M., Walus, L.R., and Musso, G.F. (1993) Synthesis in vitro kinetics, and in vivo studies on protein conjugates of AZT Evaluation as a transport system to increase brain delivery. Bioconjugate Chem. 4, 139-145. 

J. M. Irache, M. Berrabah, P. Verite, and S. Menager, Phenobarbitone-loaded poly-curly epsilon-caprolactone nanocapsules In vitro kinetics and in vivo behaviour by the oral route, in Formulation of Poorly-Available Drugs for Oral Administration, Paris, 1996, pp. 334-337. 

Morrow, H.J. (1998) Fermentation kinetics and in vivo apparent digestibilities and rates of passage of two chop lengths of big bale silage and hay in ponies. MSc. thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 131 pp. 

Chemistry, kinetics and in vivo occurrence Toxicol. 26A117. Appl. Pharmacol. 31 (1975) 325-351. 

Mirvish SS (1975) Formation of N-nitroso compotmds chemistry, kinetics, and in vivo occurrence. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 31 325-351. 

Conclusions This preliminary studies demonstrate that [ C] (1), (2), (3), and (4) show fast kinetics and in vivo specificity, selectivity for CNS NET and could be useful for assessing alterations in brain NET. Research supported by NIMH and Nyeth Ayerst. 

In this work we will focus on the use of the cubic phase as a delivery system for oligopeptides - Desmopressin, Lysine Vasopressin, Somatostatin and the Renin inhibitor H214/03. The amino acid sequences of these peptides are given in Table I. The work focuses on the cubic phase as a subcutaneous or intramuscular depot for extended release of peptide drugs, and as a vehicle for peptide uptake in the Gl-tract. Several examples of how the peptide drugs interact with this lipid-water system will be given in terms of phase behaviour, peptide self-diffusion, in vitro and in vivo release kinetics, and the ability of the cubic phase to protect peptides from enzymatic degradation in vitro. Part of this work has been described elsewhere (4-6). 

The CAT model considers passive absorption, saturable absorption, degradation, and transit in the human small intestine. However, the absorption and degradation kinetics are the only model parameters that need to be determined to estimate the fraction of dose absorbed and to simulate intestinal absorption kinetics. Degradation kinetics may be determined in vitro and absorption parameters can also be determined using human intestinal perfusion techniques [85] therefore, it may be feasible to predict intestinal absorption kinetics based on in vitro degradation and in vivo perfusion data. Nevertheless, considering the complexity of oral drug absorption, such a prediction is only an approximation. 

Principle Chlorophyll fluorescence is a sensitive and early indicator of damage to photosynthesis and to the physiology of the plant resulting from the effect of allelochemicals, which directly or indirectly affects the function of photosystem II (Bolhar-Nordenkemf et ah, 1989, Krause and Weiss 1991). This approach is convenient for a photosynthesis analysis in situ and in vivo and quick detection of otherwise invisible leaf damage. The photosynthetic plant efficiency was measured using the method of induced chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics of photosystem II [Fo, non-variable fluorescence Fm, maximum fluorescence Fv=Fm-Fo, variable fluorescence t /2, half the time required to reach maximum fluorescence from Fo to Fm and photosynthetic efficiency Fv/Fm]. 

Jones DR, Hall SD. Mechanism based inhibition of cytochrome P450 in vitro kinetics and in vitro-in vivo correlations. In Rodrigues AD, ed. Drug-Drug Interactions From Basic Pharmacokinetics Concepts to Marketing Issues. New York, NY Marcel Dekker, 2001. 

Parsons, C. G., Danysz, W, Bartmann, A., Spielmanns, P., Frankiewicz, T., Hesselink, M., Eilbacher, B., Quack, G. Amino-alkyl-cyclohexanes are novel uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists with strong voltage-dependency and fast blocking kinetics in vitro and in vivo characterization, Neuropharmacol. 1999b, 38, 85-108. 

Cell kinetics is defined as the measurement of time parameters m biological systems. Traditionally, this has involved the use of radioactive precursors of DNA, such as tritiated thymidine (3HTdR), and autoradiography to detect their incorporation into DNA. This technique has provided detailed knowledge of cell kinetics in both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. The technique, however, is time consuming and arduous and is not readily applicable to human tumor research because of ethical problems involved in incorporation of a radioisotope into DNA. 

The necessity of more efficient gene delivery methods prompted the search for novel, less charged or non-cationic gene delivery systems. These non-electrostatic complexes can be advantageous for in vitro and in vivo applications, since unlike cationic lipid/DNA complexes, the novel molecules could not lead to a compacted state of DNA, and could therefore potentially lead to different kinetics of DNA release from complexes. Several compounds are able to bind to double stranded DNA along the grooves by the formation... 

T. Kiefhaber, R. Rudolph, H. H. Kohler, and J. Buchner, Protein aggregation in vitro and in vivo a quantitative model of the kinetic competition between folding and aggregation, Bio/Technology 1991, 9, 825-829. 

Several new facets of the chemical and physical behavior of mutagens isolated from food and pyrolysates have been noted recently. Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, and Glu-P-1 are rapidly deaminated upon incubation with nitrite at acid pH (54). At pH 1.6, in 50 yM nitrite, the half lifetime of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 is approximately 100 min, but less than 5 min for Glu-P-1. AdC is also deaminated in 1 mM sodium nitrite at pH less than four with the difference that longer incubation, for 1.5 h, leads to the formation of a directly mutagenic nitroso derivative (55). These reaction conditions approach those in the stomach (pH 1-2, 0-10 yM nitrite), but careful kinetic studies in vivo will be required... 

Detailed studies of the kinetics of Pt-binding to oligonucleotides (with specific sequences) and to DNA (from several sources in vitro and in vivo including dsplatin-treated patients tumor cells, normal cells). 

Meiergerd SM, Patterson TA, Schenk JO (1993) D2 receptors may modulate the function of the striatal transporter for dopamine kinetic evidence from studies in vitro and in vivo. J Neurochem 61 764-7... 

---