Isolation mutagens

Kami H, T Watanabe, S Takemura, Y Kameda, T Hirayama (2000) isolation and chemical-structural identification of a novel aromatic amine mutagen in an ozonized solution of m-phenylenediamine. Chem Res Toxicol 13 165-169. 

H. Czeczot, B. Tudek, J. Kusztelak, T. Sz.ymczyk, B. Dobrowolska, G. Glinkowska, J. Malinowski, and H. Strzeiccka, Isolation and studies of the mutagenic activity in the Ames test of flavonoids naturally occurring in medical herbs. Mutat. Re.s. 240 209 (1990). 

TurboFP was also used as a basis for far-red fluorescent proteins (fRFPs). Residues surrounding the chromophore were mutagenized to create a library, which was subsequently subjected to random mutagenesis. A bright far-red variant with excitation and emission maxima at 588 and 635 nm, respectively was isolated and named Katushka [79]. This fast-maturing protein has an... 

Payne [30] carried out a field investigation of benzopyrene hydrolysate induction as monitor for marine petroleum pollution. Isaaq et al. [31] isolated stable mutagenic ultraviolet photodecomposition products of benzo(a)pyrene by thin-layer chromatography. 

Mercuric chloride at low concentration, in comparison with other metal compounds, induced the least DNA repair [257], despite its demonstrated potency in producing DNA lesions, causing equivalently effective breakage in isolated DNA as well as in DNA from cells previously treated with Hg2 +. The degree of modification in DNA repair induced by mercuric chloride may explain why this agent is not severely mutagenic or carcinogenic [253]. 

Rannug U, Beije B. 1979. The mutagenic effect of 1,2-dichloroethane on Salmonella typhimurium. Part II. Activation by the isolated perfused rat liver. Chem-Biol Interact 24 265-286. 

Presently about 20 different mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HAs) have been isolated from various heat-processed foods. One class of these HAs is formed by pyrolysis of proteins or some amino acids. These HAs are amino-carbolines (Figure 13.7), and have been identified in grilled, broiled, baked, and fried meat and fish products, in meat sauces and bouillons, as well as in pyrolyzed proteins, glutamate, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, ornithine, and creatine. 

Isolated cells, tissues, and organs may be grown in culture in a manner where their natural properties (in vivo) are maintained to some extent. Such in vitro biological systems have been used for many years in studies of mutagenic and genotoxic properties, and in studies of mechanisms. 

In 1991, Dillman and Cardellina reported the isolation of 1-methylcarbazole (384) from extracts of the sponge Tedania ignis collected in the shallow waters of Bermuda (350). This was the first report on the isolation of 1-methylcarbazole from a marine invertebrate (350). Prior to this isolation, 1-methylcarbazole was detected, along with other methylcarbazole derivatives as major components of cigarette smoke condensate (351). This isolate showed insecticidal and antimicrobial activity (352), but was shown to be non-mutagenic (353). 

Mirsalis JC, Butterworth BE. 1980. Detection of unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from rats treated with genotoxic agents an in vivo-in vitro assay for potential carcinogens and mutagens. Carcinogenesis 1 621-625. 

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