Ketone plastic

Concentrated, oxidizing acids (such as nitric and sulfuric) and alcoholic alkalis which cause decomposition. Soluble in most aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons (such as toluene and chloroform), esters (ethyl acetate) and ketones. Plasticized by ester-type materials such as tritolyl phosphate and dibutyl phthalate swollen by alcohols, phenols, ether and carbon tetrachloride. Ethyl acetate can be used to detect strain. 

DB17 RT50 50% phenyl 50% methyl > Medium polarity Esters, ketones, plasticizers... 

Many low molecular weight aldehydes and ketones are important industrial chem icals Formaldehyde a starting material for a number of plastics is prepared by oxida tion of methanol over a silver or iron oxide/molybdenum oxide catalyst at elevated temperature... 

Rotogravure Inks. Since there are no mbber or plastic components in contact with the solvents contained in gravure ink formulations, it is permissible to use solvents such as ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons which cannot be tolerated in flexo inks. This provides the gravure ink formulator with much greater latitude in regard to binder selection. In other respects the compositions generally are similar. 

Methyl vinyl ketone is used as a comonomer in photodegradable plastics, and is an intermediate in the synthesis of steroids and vitamin A. It is highly toxic and faciUties handling over a threshold of 100 lbs (45.5 kg) are subject to special OSHA documentation regulations (273). 

Random copolymers of vinyl chloride and other monomers are important commercially. Most of these materials are produced by suspension or emulsion polymerization using free-radical initiators. Important producers for vinyl chloride—vinyUdene chloride copolymers include Borden, Inc. and Dow. These copolymers are used in specialized coatings appHcations because of their enhanced solubiUty and as extender resins in plastisols where rapid fusion is required (72). Another important class of materials are the vinyl chloride—vinyl acetate copolymers. Principal producers include Borden Chemicals Plastics, B. F. Goodrich Chemical, and Union Carbide. The copolymerization of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate yields a material with improved processabihty compared with vinyl chloride homopolymer. However, the physical and chemical properties of the copolymers are different from those of the homopolymer PVC. Generally, as the vinyl acetate content increases, the resin solubiUty in ketone and ester solvents and its susceptibiUty to chemical attack increase, the resin viscosity and heat distortion temperature decrease, and the tensile strength and flexibiUty increase slightly. 

Polypropylene has a chemical resistance about the same as that of polyethylene, but it can be used at 120°C (250°F). Polycarbonate is a relatively high-temperature plastic. It can be used up to 150°C (300°F). Resistance to mineral acids is good. Strong alkalies slowly decompose it, but mild alkalies do not. It is partially soluble in aromatic solvents and soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons. Polyphenylene oxide has good resistance to ahphatic solvents, acids, and bases but poor resistance to esters, ketones, and aromatic or chlorinated solvents. 

Being either brittle or soft, these resins do not have the properties for moulding or extrusion compounds. These are, however, a number of properties which lead to these resins being used in large quantities. The resins are chemically inert and have good electrical insulation properties. They are compatible with a wide range of other plastics, rubbers, waxes, drying oils and bitumens and are soluble in hydrocarbons, ketones and esters. 

Some solvents, including aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones and ethers, will soften the sheet by acting as additional plasticizers. 

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). ABS materials have superior strength, stiffness and toughness properties to many plastics and so they are often considered in the category of engineering plastics. They compare favourably with nylon and acetal in many applications and are generally less expensive. However, they are susceptible to chemical attack by chlorinated solvents, esters, ketones, acids and alkalis. 

Figure 18-10 summarizes the successive oxidation products that can be obtained from alcohols. When the hydroxyl group, OH, is attached on an end carbon atom, an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid can be obtained through oxidation. When the hydroxyl group is on a carbon atom attached to two other carbon atoms, oxidation gives a ketone. Huge amounts of aldehydes and ketones are used industrially in a variety of chemical processes. Furthermore, these functional groups are important in chemical syntheses of medicines, dyes, plastics, and fabrics. 

Polysulfone It is a high performance amorphous plastic that is tough, highly heat resistant, strong and stiff. Products are transparent and slightly clouded amber in color. Material exhibits notch sensitivity and is attacked by ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Other similar types in this group include polyethersulfone, polyphenyl-sulfone, and polyarylsulfone. Use includes medical equipment, solar-heating applications and other performance applications where flame retardance, autoclavability and transparency are needed. 

About 8,000 metric tons of peroxides were consumed in 1972. This consumption was strongly stimulated by the rapid growth in reinforced plastics (Ref 23). The largest volume product is benzoyl peroxide which is used in polystyrene and polyester markets for such items as toys, automobiles, furniture, marine, transportation and mil requirements. Also, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is used in large volumes to cure (as a catalyst) styrene-unsatur-ated polyester adhesive resins used in mil ammo adhesive applications, as well as in glass fiber reinforced plastic products such as boats, shower stalls, tub components, automobile bodies, sports equipment, etc. The monoperesters are growing slowly because of some substitution of the peroxydicarbonates and azo compds (Refs 8,9 23)... 

Solvent wiping. Rubbers tend to swell by application of solvents and the mechanical interlocking of the adhesive is favored. Although chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents are the most effective, they are toxic and cannot be used toluene and ketones are currently the most common solvents. The treatment with solvents is effective in the removal of processing oils and plasticizers in vulcanized mbbers, but zinc stearate is not completely removed and antiozonant wax gradually migrates to the mbber/polyurethane adhesive interface. Table 27.1 shows the moderate increase in adhesion produced in SBR by MEK wiping. 

They are also important chemical intermediates. For example, acetone is used to make methyl methacrylate (the starting material for Plexiglas and Lucite plastics), methyl isobutyl ketone, and Bisphenol A (used in epoxy and polycarbonate resins). 

Used to manufacture pesticides, shockproof plastics, acids, esters, ketones, flame retardants, fluorocarbons used as biocide. 

Epoxidation using a chiral fructose-derived ketone is easy to carry out, as it occurs in aqueous conditions. The reactions were performed without any modification of the published procedure. The glassware has to be free of trace metal, which can decompose the oxone the use of a plastic spatula is recommended and the volumes must be measured using glass-graduated cylinders. Table 6.2 gives different examples of epoxides which can be obtained using the method prescribed. 

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