Kenaf cultivation

A marine microalga utilization for a paper Semi-batch cultivation of Tetraselmis sp. Tt-1 by a tubular bioreactor and the partial substitution of whole kenaf pulp for a paper... 

Our previous study, on the other hand, has shown that cell bodies of this microalga are of use as the partial substitute of a wood pulp paper [1], In the present study, whole kenaf pulp paper including algae obtained by the above cultivation was made and its properties were examined. It was indicated that they also could be used as an agent for surface improvement of kenaf pulp paper in addition to a partial substitute for the pulp as in the case of a paper made from wood pulp. 

Keywords Kenaf, Malaysian cultivation, sago stoch... 

H.P.S. Abdul Khalil, and N.L. Suraya, Anhydride modification of cultivated kenaf bast fibers morphological, spectroscopic and thermal studies. Bioresources 6(2), 1122-1135 (2011). 

A. Ashori, J. Harun, W.D. Raverty, and M.N.M. Yusoff, Chemical and morphological characteristics of Malaysian cultivated kenaf (Hibiscus caimabinus) fiber. Polym. Plast. Technol... 

H.P.S. Abdul Khahl, A.E IreanaYusra, A.H. Bhat, and M. Jawaid, Cell wall ultrastructure, anatomy, lignin distribution, and chemical composition of Malaysian cultivated kenaf fiber. Ind. Crops Prod. 31,113-121 (2010). 

All bast (stem) fibers (flax, kenaf, ramie, nettle, hemp, jute) as well as hard fibers (caroa, sisal) are suitable as for reinforcing fibers for natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, if they have a high tensile modulus and sufficient tensile strength. In addition to cultivation site, type and harvest, the properties of natural fibers depend significantly on the fiber extraction method. An extraction to technical fiber grades, i.e. production of bundles with different number of single fibers, is generally sufficient for use in plastics composites. The properties of such extracted fibers may be described as follows ... 

Ashori, A., Jalaluddin, H., Raverty, W. D., and Mohd Nor, M. Y. (2006). Chemical and morphological characteristics of Malaysia Cultivated Kenaf (Hibiscusecannabitms) fiber. Polym-Plast Technol. Eng. 45(1), 131134. 

Green fibres like flax, jute, sisal, kenaf and fibres of allied plants, which have been used for more than 8000 years, are the present and will be the future raw materials not only for the textile industry but also for modern eco-friendly composites used in different areas of application like building materials, particle boards, insulation boards, food, fodder and nourishment, friendly cosmetics, medicine and source for other bio-polymers agro-fine chemicals and energy . Potentially, under optimum cultivation conditions, they cause little or no detrimental effect on the ecosystem, they can grow in different climatic zones and they recycle the carbon dioxide in the Earth s atmosphere. 

Kenaf is cultivated for its fibre and also as a fodder plant and has a relatively wide range of adaptation to climate and soils. With the exception of some early types developed for the Asiatic regions of the former USSR, most of the current kenaf cultivars grow best under tropical and sub-tropical conditions where mean daily temperatures are greater than 20°C [47]. Water demand varies but on average lies between 75 and 125 mm per month during the first 100 days of vegetation [41]. 

Bast fiber crops are a group of plants that can produce natural cellulose fibers from plant stem skin. In history, cultivation of bast fiber crops is the oldest method to produce natural fibers for meeting clothing needs and other daily necessaries. The most important bast fiber crops are ramie, flax, hemp, jute, and kenaf, based on their production capacity and consumption quantity. To date, the production of bast fiber crops still primarily aims at the textile market. Facing fierce competition from synthetic fibers that have increased productivity and a steadily expanded end-use market, the world capacity of bast fiber production continues to decline. Currently, the production volume of the major bast fibers in the world is about 4.8 million metric tons, equivalent to 14% of the global production of manufactured fibers (Fibersource, 2002). 

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