Japan automotive industry

A case study was performed in one of the automotive components manufacturers in Malaysia. This company selected was based on its achievement as a TPS model company awarded by Malaysia Japan automotive industries cooperatiOTi (MAJAICO) in year 2007. MAJAICO is a 5-year project from 2006 until 2011 initiated under the Malaysia Japan economic partnership agreement (MJEPA) to develop and improve the Malaysian automotive industry to become more competitive as global automotive players. The main function of MAJAICO is to introduce continuous improvement activities in manufacturing companies mainly through total implementation of lean manufacturing. Under MAJAICO project, TPS has known as lean production system (LPS) where the activities have been conducted by the Japanese experts and local experts from perusahaan otomobil nasional sendirian berhad (PROTON) and pemsahaan otomobil kedua sendirian berhad (PERODUA). 

Sodium benzoate is also finding increasing appHcation as a corrosion inhibitor. It is incorporated into paper wrapping materials for the prevention of mst or corrosion in the production of such diverse items as razor blades, engine parts, bearings, etc. It is also used in the automotive industry as a corrosion inhibitor in engine cooling systems (at 1.5%), mainly in Europe and Japan. Unlike in its appHcation as a preservative where free benzoic acid is required to provide antimicrobial action, it appears to be the benzoate ion that provides the corrosion protection. 

U.S. consumption of carbon black in 1988 by various market sectors is shown in Table 6. About 90% of total consumption is in the mbber industry and 69% for tires. About 10% is consumed for other automotive products and 11% for mbber products unrelated to the automotive industry. The automotive industry accounts for 79% of consumption. Pigment appHcations account for about 10% of consumption, most of this for plastics and printing inks. Western Europe consumes 74% in tires and other automotive products and almost 20% in other industrial mbber products. Pigment appHcations in Western Europe and Japan are 5—6% of consumption. 

The usage pattern in Europe and Japan is more dependent upon the automotive industry. However, with the recent concern about acid rain, the European and U.S. markets should show increased interest in fluorocarbon elastomers for pollution control appHcations. On the other hand, the Japanese market has a sizable outlet in electrical and general machinery manufacturing (eg, copiers). Petroleum appHcations are of Htfle interest outside the United States. 

Since the 1950s, the automotive industry in Japan has prodigiously been developed, and the amount of used vehicle tires has outstandingly been increased. The disposal of the used vehicle tires became a big social problem in the 1970s, and various techniques have been developed for the disposal and recycling of the vehicle tires till now. One of such techniques is the application of the powdered rubber made of the used vehicle tires to the construction industry. 

In automotive industry [2], rearview mirrors are a good application for electrochromic systems. Transport sunroofs also have been manufactured, in particular in Japan. The durability—characterized by the number of oxidation/reduction cycles which can be applied to the material without excessive degradation is in agreement with the automobile mean durability. 

Zinc coatings, especially hot dip galvanizing, occupy a very important position in the automotive industry, together with electroplated zinc coatings. It is expected that in Europe, North America, and Japan the production of zinc-coated steel will approach 15 million tons, which means that per region. 

Melt blending of polymers is a widely used technique for tailor-making polymeric materials to generate the desired properties. Blending polypropylene block copolymer (PPBC) with elastomeric ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) produces a range of useful materials commercialized in early 1970 s that found significant uses in the automotive industry. Polyolefin-based bumpers dominate the automobile market in Europe and Japan and have made in-roads in the North American market. In India, the polyolefin blend for car bumpers was commercialized in 1992. 

In August 2015, it was announced that Freudenberg and Toray will purchase all of the shares of Japan Vilene. Japan Vilene has automotive, industrial, apparel, and electrical products. In electrical, they are well established as a supplier of separators for NMH and NiCd batteries. In 2006, they built a pilot facility to produce nanofibers in web widths as wide as 1 m. The fiber diameter ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 pm, while the pore size of the nonwovens ranges from 0.4 to 2.0 pm. The materials they can produce ranges from 5 to 25 g/m. They are targeting applications in filtration, separators, and medical materials. In their 2013 annual report, they mention using nonwovens with nanofibers in a cell culture scaffold, in filtration, and in separators for LIB. 

In the automotive industry an addition to ISO 9001 exists, called ISO TS 16949 [3]. It describes additions especially to the product development and production, which developed into standards in this industry. Today, in order for a distributor to be able to supply automotive manufacturers, the certification of ISO TS 16949 is an essential basic. Manufacturers from Asia stiU refer to different standards, based on historical reasons. Especially in Japan, quality requirements focus more on the ideals of the six-sigma-philosophy (for example DESS, Design for Six Sigma). In particular the static analysis and trial methods mentioned in Masing s book, in DSFF as well as in functional safety are often based on comparable principles. ISO TS 16949 asks in the following chapters for essential basics for functional safety according to ISO 26262 ... 

In 2001, global PMMA demand was down by just over 5% due to a slowdown in major markets such as constmction and lighting and the automotive industry. Consumption fell sharpest in Japan, Europe and North America. 

Sako, M., Helper, S. (1998). Determinants of trust in supplier relations Evidenee liom the automotive industry in Japan and the United States. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 34(3), 387-417. 

Uses Antifoam, wetting agent for aq. systems, automotive, industrial, antlcono-sion, electrodeposition, wood, and furniture coatings, flexo and gravure Inks Features Silicone- and solv.-free can be used in pigmented and clear systems Regulatory EU, Japan listed... 

World production of lead—acid batteries in 1988, excluding the Eastern European central economy countries, has been estimated at 9.45 biUion. The automotive market was 6743 million or 211.6 million units. Industrial battery sales were 2082 million and consumer battery sales were 454 million. Motorcycle batteries accounted for an additional 170 million or 25 million units. Most batteries are produced in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, but smaller numbers are produced worldwide. The breakdown in sales for the three production areas foUows. Automotive battery sales were 2304 million in the United States, 1805 in Western Europe, and 945 million in Japan. Industrial battery sales were 525 million in the United States, 993 million in Western Europe, and 266 million in Japan. Consumer battery sales were 104 million in the United States, 226 million in Japan, and 82 million in Western Europe. More than half of all motorcycle batteries are produced in Japan and Taiwan (1). 

The catalyst companies were encouraged to resume their research activities in automotive catalysis in the late 1960 s as further tightening of automotive emissions standards became imminent, and it appeared that mere engine modifications might be inadequate to meet the new standards. A systems approach was first used upon the formation of the Inter-Industry Emission Control Program by the Ford Motor Company and the Mobil Oil Corporation in 1967, which was joined by a number of oil companies in the U.S. and a number of automobile companies in Italy, Japan, and Western Germany. 

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