Italy total

Figure 9.9. The Path to Kyoto in Italy total national emissions of greenhouse gases.

Between 2010 and 2013, the small- or medium-scale focused project LEADER (Lead-cooled European Advanced DEmonstration Reactor), coordinated by Ansaldo in Italy (total of 16 partners, total budget of 5.7 million including 3 ntiUion from EC) — appfication also to the ALFRED design. 

Utilization of LPG as motor fuel represents only a tiny fraction of the market, on the order of 30,000 t/an in France out of a total 3,000,000 t that is, about 1%. Globally, the fraction of LPG used in the transportation industry is on the order of 5% the other applications are essentially petrochemicals (25%) and the heating fuel sectors (70%). However noticeable openings in the LPG-fuel markets in some countries such as Japan (1.8 Mt), the United States (1.3 Mt), the Netherlands (0.9 Mt), Italy (0.8 Mt) and in certain regions (Latin America, Africa, and the Far East) have been observed for specialized vehicles such as taxis. 

A hst of world acetate and triacetate producers is given ia Reference 74. The combiaed annual world acetate production (filament, staple, and tow) peaked ia 1980 with 672,000 t, dropped to 574,000 t ia 1984, and rose to 731,000 t ia 1991. The United States accounted for ca 45% of the world total. Other principal acetate produciag countries iaclude the UK, Japan, Canada, Italy, and the former USSR. 

Manufacturers. Besides manufacturers in the United States, commercial fluorine plants are operating in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom (see Table 5). Fluorine is also produced in the Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union) however, details regarding its manufacture, production volumes, etc, are regarded as secret information. The total commercial production capacity of fluorine in the United States and Canada is estimated at over 5000 t/yr, of which 70—80% is devoted to uranium hexafluoride production. Most of the gas is used in captive uranium-processing operations. 

The principal producers of aluminum trifluoride in North America are Alcan, Alcoa, and AUiedSignal. It is also produced in other countries, eg, France, Mexico, Norway, Italy, Tunisia, and Japan. Total worldwide production of aluminum trifluoride in 1990 was 400,000 metric tons and the price was 1100/t. In 1993, because of excess recovery of fluorine values, use of energy efficient smelters, and the worldwide economic climate, the price was down to 750/t. 

In Western Europe, the CPC producers are equally varied. The following is a partial Hst of the larger companies with total CPC production capacity (10 t) at all sites shown in parentheses Atochem SA (148.5, Prance and Spain), Hoescht AG (102.0, Germany), KaH-Chemie AG (66.0, Germany and Spain), Montefluos SpA (100.0, Italy), and ICI Chemicals and Polymers Ltd. (>113.6, United Kingdom). These producers account for over 80% of the Western European CPC production. 

The world ink industry had total sales estimated to be about 10.5 biUion in 1992. The United States had about 32% (by weight) of world sales with the remaining portion spHt between Asia and Europe/Africa. Japan has about 22% market share, Germany has 10%, and the U.K., Italy, and Erance each have 5%. The remaining share is spHt among many other countries. 

Represents the combined totals of Burma, Egypt, Greece, Indonesia, Italy (from wastes), Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, and Zambia. ... 

English or Persian Walnuts. Walnuts are produced in more countries than any of the other tree nuts but production figures are unrehable. The United States is the leading producer of walnuts, at 234,913 t in 1990—1991 (valued at 279,720,000). Production, mostly in Califomia and Oregon, is nearly one-half of the world total. Many countries produce substantial quantities of walnuts. The USDA considers estimates of the commercial crop more rehable than the total yearly production figures, which in 1990—1991 were 152,500 t in China, 66,000 t in Turkey, 17,000 t in India, 13,000 t in Prance, and 12,000 t in Italy. Walnuts, both in-sheU and shelled, may be imported from many countries, eg. Prance, Italy, China, Turkey, and India. Most imported walnuts are smaller than domestic walnuts and are used by the confectionery and baking industries. 

Consumptions of primary tin for chemical appHcations by the five reporting countries from 1975 to 1980 is shown in Table 12. The use of primary tin in chemical appHcations increased sharply in the United States and Germany, but declined in the United Kingdom and Italy. In 1979, ca 11% of the total U.S. demand for tin was accounted for by tin chemicals. In 1977, the tin consumption in tin chemicals production was based on ca 80% primary tin usage... 

Mono- and dichlorotoluenes ate used chiefly as chemical iatermediates ia the manufacture of pesticides, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and peroxides, and as solvents. Total annual production was limited prior to 1960 but has expanded greatly siace that time. Chlorinated toluenes ate produced ia the United States, Germany, Japan, and Italy. Siace the number of manufacturers is small and much of the production is utilised captively, statistics covering production quantities ate not available. Worldwide annual production of o- and -chlorotoluene is estimated at several tens of thousands of metric tons. Yearly productions of polychlorotoluene ate ia the range of 100—1000 tons. 

The world war made all these sources of supply difficult of access and stimulated interest in the possibilities of local production. Examination of a number of American species of ephedra had already shown them to be devoid of alkaloids, except for the S. American species E. andina, in which Chavezt found ephedrine, and in the United States attention has been given to the experimental cultivation of imported species, notably E. sinica and E. gerardiana a Moroccan type, E. alenda, was found to contain only ). In Australia experimental cultivation of the Indian species E. gerardiana, E. intermedia and E. nebrodensis has been tried and preliminary yields of 1-35, 1-OS and 0-98 per cent, of total alkaloids respectively have been recorded. In Russia, E. equisetina and E. intermedia are available and are considered to be worth exploitation. In Italy various local species have been found to contain mainly i -ephedrine and that in small amount, but better results are recorded for two species already referred to and which are available in Sardinia, viz. E. vulgaris Rich and E. nebrodensis. ... 

Arabia, the largest OPEC oil producer. OPEC produces about 40 percent of the world s crude oil output and It supplies about 45 percent of all traded petroleum. In total, almost 60 percent of the world s crude oil extraction is exported from about forty-five hydrocarbon-producing countries—but the six largest exporters (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Russia, Norway, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates) sell just over 50 percent of the traded total. In contrast, more than 130 countries import crude oil and refined oil products besides the United States, the largest buyers are Japan, Germany, France, and Italy. 

Table 3.2 shows the 5 Cu and 5 Cc values of herbivores, omnivores, carnivores and humans. The (climate-corrected) trophic level effect between herbivores and carnivores is 0.90%o. Human values are closer to carnivore and omnivore values than to herbivore 5 Cc values. The human 5 Cc values are on average 0.66%o more positive than the herbivore 5 Cc values, a good estimate for a carnivore effect in humans (see section on trophic level effects, below). The average human 5 Cc value is -19.92 1.28%o,which would indicate that Holocene humans in Europe had a diet that consisted of C3 terrestrial foods, whieh is as might be expected. By looking at the humans separate from the total bone data set, we notice potential human food selection (Fig. 3.3) we can see a non-climatic pattern, which is much less uniform than in the total bone data set (Fig. 3.2b). Italy (6 Cc = -21.3%o) has a much more negative 8 Cc value than the Czech Republic (8 Cc =-18.7%o), Spain (8 Cc = -19.3%o) and Greece (-18.9%o but the 8 N of 9.0%odoes not indicate marine food), while the northern European coimtries are closer to a 5 Cc value of-20%o. What the actual causes are for this pattern in the human samples is not clear to better understand these variations it is best to consider, where possible, the 8 N values with the 8 Cc values. 

Pellegrini, N. et al.. Total antioxidant capacity of plant foods, beverages and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays, J. Nutr. 133, 2812, 2003. 

In Europe, there are several programs under the support of the European Commission. The goal of the Joule III NEMECEL Program (which involves four industrial companies—Thomson CSF and PSA in France, De Nora in Italy, Solvay in Belgium, one CNR laboratory in Italy and two Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) laboratories in France, including our laboratory) is to develop a stack with a power level of 200 mW/cm at a cell potential of 0.5 to 0.6 V and a total power... 

IAEA efforts related to both CRMs and others, such as hair for total mercury and methyl mercury (prepared in India), and lichen for multi-element certification (prepared in Portugal) to assist biomonitoring programs in Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, India, Italy, Malaysia, Slovenia, and Vietnam,... 

By the year 2002 (Yussefi, 2002) there were 17 million ha of land managed organically in the world. The major part of this area is located in Australia (7.7 m ha), Argentina (2.8 m ha) and Italy (more than 1 m ha). Oceania holds 45% of the world s organic land, followed by Europe (25%) and Latin America (22%). In Latin American countries, the organic land area is almost 0.5% of the total area, which represents an extraordinary growth rate from a low level. 

In Europe in 1996, the largest area devoted to organic arable crops was in Denmark (91000 ha), with Italy next (62000 ha) and then France (34000 ha). This compares with 4800 ha devoted to organic arable crops in Great Britain (Foster Lampkin, 1999). However, by 2003 this had increased dramatically to 44413 ha (Soil Association, 2003). Changes in crop areas are shown in Table 5.1. Of the total crop area of 4 515 000 ha in 1996, wheat occupied 44% of the area. The area of spring barley had decreased by nearly 50% from the 1988 figure. 

Roasted coffee is imported by the U.S., however to a lesser degree. Industrialized nations of Sweden, Canada, and Italy are the primary sources of imported roasted coffee that comes to the U.S. (Table 6), contributing 69% of all roasted imports.23 Sweden is by far the larger exporter to the U.S., generating over 40 million in revenue. While the total dollars spent on roasted coffee imports has increased by 20% from 1994 to 1995, the actual volume of roasted coffee has decreased by 16%, indicating not only a dramatic reduction of roasted coffee imports but a steep increase in the unit cost. 

Figure 7.6 Total ion current profile of the acidic fraction of a sample from a linseed oil reference paint layer (Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Florence, Italy), after saponification and silylation of carboxylic and hydroxyl ic groups [9]...

Degetto S, Schintu M, Contu A, Sbrignadello G (1997) Santa Gilla lagoon (Italy) a mercury sediment pollution case study. Contamination assessment and restoration of the site. Sci Total Environ 204 49-56... 

Po, Italy 270,000 total 10,000 just rice It flows through an industrialized and highly cultivated plain which supports diverse crops [32]... 

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