Iron preparation ferrous sulfate

Oral iron preparations Ferrous sulfate (tablets) Ferrous fumarate (tablets) Ferrous gluconate (tablets) Ferrous glycine sulfate (tablets or solution) Ferrous succinate (solution ) Sodium ironedetate (solution) Iron(ii) sulfate (40-105 mg Fe ) Iron(ii) fumarate (65-10 mg Fe ) Iron(ii) gluconate (35 mg Fe) Iron(n) glycine sulfate (25 100 mg Fe ) Iron(ii) succinate (37 mg Fe) Iron(n) chelate of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FLDTA) (27.5 mg Fe)... 

Reduction of quinazoline oxides to quinazolines, catalytically (Raney nickel, palladium on charcoal) or with iron and ferrous sulfate in 85% alcohol can be extended to the preparation of benz-substituted quinazolines. ... 

Iron (II) Hydroxide Test. To a small vial (capacity 1-2 mL) add 5 mg of the unknown to 0.5 mL of freshly prepared ferrous sulfate solution. Add 0.4 mL of a 2 N solution of potassium hydroxide in methanol, cap the vial, and shake it. The appearance of a red-brown precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide within 1 min is a positive test. Almost all nitro compounds give a positive test within 30 s. 

Using a radioiron technique (15), 105 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate embedded in resin to form a tablet was better absorbed when 500 mg of ascorbic acid was incorporated into the preparation as compared with resin-embedded ferrous sulfate or an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate. In the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, a more rapid repletion of hemoglobin was found when 500-750 mg of supplementary vitamin C was given prior to an oral dose of therapeutic metallic iron (16). 

Cyanide iron blues can be prepared by several methods. The most common one is the indirect, two-step process. In the first step, a white precipitate (Berlin white), is produced by the reaction of sodium, potassium, or ammonium ferrocyanide and ferrous sulfate ... 

A platinum-iron on silica gel catalyst was prepared by impregnating silica gel (BDH, for chromatographic adsorption) with an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid (analytical grade) and sodium hydroxide (analytical grade). The dry product was then impregnated by a ferrous sulfate solution (C.P. grade) and the water was removed in a rotating evaporator. The prepared catalyst contained 1% Pt, 0.7% Fe, and 2% NaOH (by... 

Iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate, are used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, which occurs when there is a loss of iron that is greater than the available iron stored in the body. Iron preparations act by elevating the serum iron concentration, which replenishes hemoglobin and depleted iron stores. 

I Brand Name(s) (ferrous sulfate) Fer-In-Sol, Fer-Iron, Slow-Fe Chemical Class Iron preparation... 

Iron bivalent, oral preparations ferrous fumarate ferrous gluconate ferrous sulfate... 

A wide variety of oral iron preparations is available. Because ferrous iron is most efficiently absorbed, only ferrous salts should be used. Ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate are all effective and inexpensive and are recommended for the treatment of most patients. 

Use a series of iron standards for a calibration curve (Figure 18-8) to show that Beer s law is obeyed. Standards are prepared by the same procedure as unknowns. The absorbance of the unknown should fall within the region covered by the standards. Pure iron wire (with a shiny, rust-free surface) is dissolved in acid to prepare accurate iron standards. Ferrous ammonium sulfate (Fe(NH4)2(S04)2 6HzO) and ferrous ethylenediammonium sulfate (Fe(H3NCH2CH2NH3)(S04)2 4H20) are suitable standards for less accurate work. 

Tetracyclines, as broad-spectrum antibiotics, are the drugs of choice in treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Most tetracyclines are absorbed to various degrees (30 to 100%) from the gastrointestinal tract, primarily from the stomach and upper small intestine. The absorption of tetracyclines is hindered by milk and milk products, by numerous antacids such as aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium carbonate, and by iron preparations such as ferrous sulfate. Therefore, these and similar substances should not be administered orally together with tetracycline (Figure 3.4). 

Remarks. Ferrous sulfate can be used advantageously instead of salt to precipitate the m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The iron salt is very difficultly soluble in 20 per cent sulfuric acid and can be filtered off directly without further treatment. The reduction is carried out exactly as described above. If benzene is sulfonated with 100 per cent sulfuric acid, and then the benzenesulfonic acid is nitrated at 100°, there are formed, according to the work of Obermiller, besides the meta sulfonic acid, considerable quantities of the ortho and para isomers. The latter can be separated quite easily tluough the magnesium salts, and this affords a method for obtaining the valuable o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. The preparation of orthanilic acid starting with o-m trochlorobenzene has also been described. ... 

In vinyl compound polymerization of vinyl acetate, alcohol, bromide, chloride, or carbonate, ascorbic acid can be a component of the polymerization mixture (733-749). Activators for the polymerization have been acriflavine (734), other photosensitive dye compounds (737,738), hydrogen peroxides (740,741,742), potassium peroxydisulfate (743), ferrous sulfate, and acyl sulfonyl peroxides (747). Nagabhooshanam and Santappa (748) reported on dye sensitized photopolymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of ascorbic acid-sodium hydrogen orthophosphate complex. Another combination is vinyl chloride with cyclo-hexanesulfonyl acetyl peroxide with ascorbic acid, iron sulfate, and an alcohol (749). Use of low temperature conditions in emulsion polymerization, with ascorbic acid, is mentioned (750,751). Clarity of color is important and impact-resistant, clear, moldable polyvinyl chloride can be prepared with ascorbic acid as an acid catalyst (752) in the formulation. 

Test for Cyanide Ion. Place 3 ml of alkaline filtrate in a small beaker or a large test tube, and add 5 drops of freshly prepared 10 per cent ferrous sulfate solution, 2 drops of 6 N sodium hydroxide solution and 5 drops 10 per cent potassium fluoride solution, then boil. Add 1 drop of 10 per cent ferric chloride solution and then add dilute sulfuric acid drop by drop until the solution is acid, in order to dissolve the oxides of iron. Allow to stand for five minutes. A clear solution of a yellow color indicates absence of cyanide ion and hence of nitrogen. The formation of a greenish-blue... 

Effect of Heat Processing on Bioavailability of Added Iron. Several studies in Table III measured directly the effect of heat processing on added iron. These studies compared processed foods to a control group of identical unprocessed food. Studies in Table 111 utilizing unprocessed controls include 15, 19, and 23. Other studies did not employ an unprocessed control, but used a reference dose to enable comparisons from study to study. Reference doses of ferrous sulfate (most animal assays) or ferrous ascorbate (most human tests) were frequently used. Preparation of ferrous ascorbate, usually a 2 1 molar ascorbic acid iron solution, has been detailed by Layrisse et al. (25). These controls enabled measurement of variation in iron absorption from subject to subject, important in view of greater absorption of an iron deficient versus an iron replete subject. When a reference dose was fed as a radiolabeled salt (55Fe), and on alternate times the test diet was fed with a different radiolabel (59Fe), errors due to variation in subject absorption were eliminated, as each subject served as its own control. The different availabilities of various iron sources from baked enriched rolls were established in this manner (17). 

Control groups were fed commercial chow (Purina) or a complete diet prepared of purified components (8). The mineral mixture in this latter diet could be prepared without iron, copper or zinc so that these mineral elements could be added in controlled amounts as supplements in the form of ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, or zinc carbonate. Under ether anesthesia, blood was removed from the abdominal aorta with a 1.5 inch, 22 gauge needle attached to a 10 ml syringe containing dried heparin. Aliquots were taken for hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell counts and plasma analysis. The liver was removed, weighed, frozen and saved for analysis. 

If TSat and serum ferritin are below goal indices, iron supplementation is recommended. Options for iron supplementation include oral and intravenous therapy (see Fig. 44—1). Available oral iron preparations differ in their content of elemental iron (Table 44—2). Products available for oral therapy include ferrous salts (ferrous sulfate, ferrous... 

Walker SE, Paton TW, Cowen DH, et al. Bioavailability of iron in oral 58. ferrous sulfate preparations in healthy volunteers. Can Med Assoc J 1989 141 543-547. 

Ferrous sulfate (20% elemental iron) and ferrous gluconate (11.6% elemental iron) are used in iron deficiency anemia. Extensive numbers of oral preparations are available for the treatment of iron deficiency. In general, the ferrous salts (ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumerate) are better absorbed than the ferric salts (ferric sulfate). Eerrous calcium citrate is mostly used in patients during pregnancy to provide iron as well as calcium. The parenteral... 

Ferrous sulfate (feosol, others) is the hydrated salt, FeSO 7Hff), which contains 20% iron. Ferrous fumarate (feostat, others) contains 33% iron and is moderately soluble in water, stable, and almost tasteless. Ferrous gluconate (fergon, others), which contains 12% iron, also is used in the therapy of iron-deficiency anemia. Polysaccharide—iron complex (niferex, others), a compound of ferrihydrite and carbohydrate, has comparable absorption. The effective dose of these preparations is based on iron content. 

Where two salts that form solid solutions are to be separated, it is far better to use chemical methods of separation where possible. Suppose it were necessary to prepare pure MnS04 7H20 from a quantity of the salt contaminated with ferrous sulfate. Rather than to attempt a direct recrystallization it would be better to dissolve the salt in water, oxidize the ferrous sulfate to ferric by means of chlorine water, neutralize carefully to pH 5 with ammonia to precipitate all the iron as hydrated ferric oxide, and then recrystallize the manganous sulfate. Other separation methods that can be used in such cases are the fractional distillation of volatile compounds and ion exchange both of these methods have been used in separating the rare-earth elements. ... 

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