Iron -, poly

Arias, J. L., et al. (2006), Preparation and characterization of carbonyl iron/ poly(butylcyanoacrylate) core/shell nanoparticles,/. Collo. Interf. Sci.., 299(2), 599-607. 

Wizel later extended her study and included another metallic nanopartide, cobalt, and an additional polymer, poly(methylmethacrylate), in her metal-polymer composite research [58]. A significant difference in the solubility of the iron-poly(methylacrylate) and cobalt-poly(methylacrylate) in various solvents was observed. While the iron-poly(methylacrylate) composite (FePMA) and iron-poly(methylmethacrylate) composite (FePMMA) dissolved in chloroform, acetone, and toluene at room temperature, the corresponding cobalt-poly(methylacrylate) composite (CoPMA) was insoluble in these solvents at room temperature. At elevated temperatures (45 °C), dissolution of CoPMA in these solvents was observed. This difference is accounted for by the stronger interaction existing between the cobalt and the surrounding polymer. For iron-poly(methylacrylate) this interaction is weakened due to the formation of an iron complex. The Mw of the various polymers and composites as a function of the metal-to-monomer weight ratio was measured and reported. 

Chiericato G, Silva APS (2008) Spectroelectrochemistry and investigation of charge transport mechanisms of iron poly(pyridyl) redox polymers. Polyhedron 27 1860-1866... 

Saito described a quantitative spectrophotometric procedure for iron based on a solid-phase extraction using bathophenanthroline in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane. ... 

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

Pa.ints, Paints (qv) prepared from poly(vinyl acetate) and its copolymers form flexible, durable films with good adhesion to clean surfaces, including wood, plaster, concrete, stone, brick, cinder blocks, asbestos board, asphalt, tar paper, wahboards, aluminum, and galvani2ed iron (147). Adherence is also good on painted surfaces if the surfaces are free from dirt, grease, and mst. Developments in emulsion polymeri2ation for paint latices have been reviewed (148). 

The wash primer is a special type of vinyl coating. This material contains a poly(vinyl butyral) resin, zinc chromate, and phosphoric acid in an alcohol-water solvent. The coating is so thin it is HteraUy washed onto a freshly blasted steel surface, where it passivates the metal surface by converting it to a thin iron phosphate-chromate coating. The alcohol solvent makes it possible to apply the coating over damp surfaces. The coating forms the first coat of... 

Katsuya et al. [5 published the oxidative coupling (agent copper(II) chloride/ aluminum chloride) of electron-rich benzene derivatives such as 2,5-dimethoxy-benzene to poly(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene) (2). The resulting polymer is only soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, and is fusible at 320r C. Ueda et al. 16] described the coupling of the same monomer with iron(III) chloride/aluminum chloride. The polymers obtained by the authors were not thoroughly para-linked. 

Figure 4. (A) Cyclic voltammograms over a range of scan rates for a redox polymer (poly-[Fe 5-amino-1,10-phenanthrotme)3]3+/>)91 and (B) p-doping and undoping of a conducting polymer (polypyrrole) (B). [(A) Reprinted from X. Ren and P. O. Pickup, Strong dependence of the election hopping rate in poly-tris(5-amino-1,10-phenan-throline)iron(HI/II) on the nature of the counter-anion J. Electroanal. Chem. 365, 289-292,1994, with kind permission from Elsevier Sciences S.A.]...

These complexes are stable (presumably to aerial oxidation), which is, perhaps, surprising, in view of the fact that the analogous complexes of iron(II) could not be isolated, oxidation to iron(III) taking place in each case. A number of interesting poly(bisdithiocarbamate) complexes of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) (XXI) have been prepared and... 

This section will provide details of recent efforts to polymerize phosphaalkenes. It will begin with an introduction to the factors that must be considered when attempting to polymerize P=C bonds. In addition, a historical context will be provided since, perhaps ironically, it was so-called polymerization reactions that plagued early efforts to prepare compounds possessing heavier element multiple bonds. Finally, it will close with the first successful polymerization of a P=C bond to give poly(methylenephosphine)s. 

Most orthosilicates reacted completely with poly(acrylic acid) solution an exception was andradite, CagFOg [SiOJg. Even so, the cements of gehlenite and hardystonite were very weak and affected by water. Only gadolinite and willemite formed cements of some strength which were unaffected by water, probably because one contained beryllium and iron and the other zinc. 

The identification and quantification of potentially cytotoxic carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes such as pentanal, hexanal, traw-2-octenal and 4-hydroxy-/mAW-2-nonenal, and ketones such as propan- and hexan-2-ones) also serves as a useful marker of the oxidative deterioration of PUFAs in isolated biological samples and chemical model systems. One method developed utilizes HPLC coupled with spectrophotometric detection and involves precolumn derivatization of peroxidized PUFA-derived aldehydes and alternative carbonyl compounds with 2,4-DNPH followed by separation of the resulting chromophoric 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones on a reversed-phase column and spectrophotometric detection at a wavelength of378 nm. This method has a relatively high level of sensitivity, and has been successfully applied to the analysis of such products in rat hepatocytes and rat liver microsomal suspensions stimulated with carbon tetrachloride or ADP-iron complexes (Poli etui., 1985). 

Poli, G., Dianzani, M.U., Cheeseman, K.H., Slater, T.F., Lang, J. and Esterbauer, H. (1985). Separation and characterization of the aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation stimulated by carbon tetrachloride or ADP-iron in isolated rat hepatocytes and rat liver microsomal suspensions. Biochem. J. 227, 629-638,... 

Treatment with iron chelators and a-tocopherol protect against lipid p>eroxidation and hepatocellular injury in iron-overloaded rats (Sharma etal., 1990). When hepatocytes are isolated from rats, which have been pretreated with a-tocopherol, there is a significant reduction in iron-induced lipid peroxidation and improvement in cell viability in vitro (Poli et al., 1985). Similar effects were seen when hepatocytes were incubated with iron chelators (Bacon and Britton, 1990). Treatment of moderately, but not heavily, iron-loaded rats with desferrioxamine in vivo inhibits the pro-oxidant activity of hepatic ultrafiltrates (Britton et al., 1990b). 

Poli, G., Albano, E., Biasi, F., Cecchini, G., Carini, R-, Bel-lomo, G. and Dianzani, M.U. (1985). Lipid peroxidation stimulated by carbon tetrachlorde or iron and hepatocyte death protective effect of vitamin E. In Free Radicals in Liver Injury (eds. G. Poli, K.H. Cheeseman, M.U. Dinzani and T.F. Slater) pp. 127-134. Oxford, IRL Press. 

Freeder, B. G. et al., J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 1988, 1, 164-168 Accidental contamination of a 90 kg cylinder of ethylene oxide with a little sodium hydroxide solution led to explosive failure of the cylinder over 8 hours later [1], Based on later studies of the kinetics and heat release of the poly condensation reaction, it was estimated that after 8 hours and 1 min, some 12.7% of the oxide had condensed with an increase in temperature from 20 to 100°C. At this point the heat release rate was calculated to be 2.1 MJ/min, and 100 s later the temperature and heat release rate would be 160° and 1.67 MJ/s respectively, with 28% condensation. Complete reaction would have been attained some 16 s later at a temperature of 700°C [2], Precautions designed to prevent explosive polymerisation of ethylene oxide are discussed, including rigid exclusion of acids covalent halides, such as aluminium chloride, iron(III) chloride, tin(IV) chloride basic materials like alkali hydroxides, ammonia, amines, metallic potassium and catalytically active solids such as aluminium oxide, iron oxide, or rust [1] A comparative study of the runaway exothermic polymerisation of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide by 10 wt% of solutions of sodium hydroxide of various concentrations has been done using ARC. Results below show onset temperatures/corrected adiabatic exotherm/maximum pressure attained and heat of polymerisation for the least (0.125 M) and most (1 M) concentrated alkali solutions used as catalysts. 

Benzyl alcohol contaminated with 1.4% of hydrogen bromide and 1.1% of dissolved iron(II) polymerises exothermally above 100°C. Bases inhibit the polymerisation reaction. In a laboratory test, alcohol containing 1% of HBr and 0.04% of Fe polymerised at about 150° with an exotherm to 240° C. Formation and iron-catalysed poly-condensation of benzyl bromide seems to have been implicated. See Benzyl bromide Molecular sieve, or Catalytic impurities See Other BENZYL COMPOUNDS, POLYCONDENSATION REACTION INCIDENTS... 

The molten material, after holding for 4 h at 78°C in a stainless steel vessel, underwent a thermal runaway reaction and 500 kg erupted through the vent line. It was later found that addition of 0.1% of rust to the hot material led to an accelerating self-condensation Friedel-Craft reaction, catalysed by iron(III) chloride, which led to formation of poly-benzyls accompanied by evolution of hydrogen chloride. 

Fig. 21 TEM images of (a) as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles, (b) poly (amino acid)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in water. Scale bars. 80 nm (Adapted from[79])...

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